What makes the soil fertile and provides nutrients for growing plants?

 Fertility of soil depends on:

1)Abundance of nutrients, minerals, organic matter, microorganisms in soil.

2)Soil having humus, balanced water absorption ability and water holding capacity.

3)pH of soil : Soil should be neither too acidic nor too alkaline. 6-8 is considered best

The nutrients present in soil are utilized by plants by means of absorption through the roots.