Which one of the following species is not linear?
(1) CO2 (2) ClO2 (3) I3 - (4) NO2
Explain properly..
1. CO2 : O = C = O
Carbon has 4 valence electrons and all these electrons are used to make bonds with two O atoms. The central atom C has no lone pair. Therefore, in CO2 molecule bond pair – bond pair repulsion is effective. The bond angle is 180 degrees bond angle. Therefore the molecule is linear. The hybridization of C is sp (only two sigma bonds no lone pair) so the shape of the molecule is linear
2. ClO2 :
Due to the presence of lone pair on the Cl atom ClO2 possesses slightly bent shaped having bond angle of 111 degree. The hybridization of Cl here is sp3
ClO2 is bent in shape with tetrahedral spatial geometry having two pairs of lone pair.
3. I3 - :
The ion is linear and symmetrical.
iodine = 7 electron
charge (-) = 1 electron
two bonded iodines = 2 electrons
Total = 10 electrons = 5 pairs
2 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs so,the lone pairs occupy the equatorial positions to minimise repulsion it is linear in shape
4. NO2 :
It possesses bent structure due to the presence of lone pair on the nitrogen atom which decreases the bond angle
The nitrogen and and one oxygen are bonded through a double bond which counts as "one electron pair". Hence the molecule has three electron pairs and is trigonal planar for electron pair geometry. The one lone electron exerts a less repulsion than normal on the two bonding oxygen atoms
Carbon has 4 valence electrons and all these electrons are used to make bonds with two O atoms. The central atom C has no lone pair. Therefore, in CO2 molecule bond pair – bond pair repulsion is effective. The bond angle is 180 degrees bond angle. Therefore the molecule is linear. The hybridization of C is sp (only two sigma bonds no lone pair) so the shape of the molecule is linear
2. ClO2 :
Due to the presence of lone pair on the Cl atom ClO2 possesses slightly bent shaped having bond angle of 111 degree. The hybridization of Cl here is sp3
ClO2 is bent in shape with tetrahedral spatial geometry having two pairs of lone pair.
3. I3 - :
The ion is linear and symmetrical.
iodine = 7 electron
charge (-) = 1 electron
two bonded iodines = 2 electrons
Total = 10 electrons = 5 pairs
2 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs so,the lone pairs occupy the equatorial positions to minimise repulsion it is linear in shape
4. NO2 :
It possesses bent structure due to the presence of lone pair on the nitrogen atom which decreases the bond angle
The nitrogen and and one oxygen are bonded through a double bond which counts as "one electron pair". Hence the molecule has three electron pairs and is trigonal planar for electron pair geometry. The one lone electron exerts a less repulsion than normal on the two bonding oxygen atoms