Who were the conservatives? What did they believe?

The following points may help you:

a.  Conservatives  played an important role in generating a feeling of nationalism. 
b. They believed that traditional institutions like monarchy, having strong army, efficient bureaucracy should be the basis of strong modern nation state that certainly became the basis of unification process for instance in Germany.
c. Conservatives believed and sought to  preserve traditional institutions and did not believe in quick rapid changes in the society. They believed in gradual changes.
d. They  gave more importance to state controlled economy, believed in trade restrictions and barriers .
e. They believed in curbing freedom of expression, freedom of press
f. In fact, Europe after the defeat of Napolean was driven by the ideology of conservatives  whose main aim was to  establish monarchial regimes in Europe.
g. This indeed got reflected in Congress of Vienna, 1815.