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who were the jacobians?

Jacobin club was a political club that came into existence in the aftermath of the French Revolution. It derived its name from the convent of St. Jacob in Paris. Its members were mostly small shopkeepers, artisans like shoemakers, watch-makers, printers, servants and daily wage workers. Maximillian Robespierre was their leader. They used to wear long-striped trousers and red -caps symbolising liberty. The group planned an insurrection in 1792 due to high food prices and short supplies. They also stormed the king's palace and held the king hostage for several hours. Elections were later held with voting rights to all men above 21 years of age. The elected assembly abolished monarchy and declared France as a republic. The former king Louis XVI and queen Marie Antoinette were executed. However, in the period between 1793 and 1794, the Jacobins, led by Robespierre unleashed a reign of terror by persecuting anyone who was perceived to be enemy of the republic. Ceilings were placed on wages and prices while food was rationed. Extreme repression led to alienation of Robespierre and he was deposed and guillotined.

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Jacobin was arevolutionarygroup. This group includes the members of the thirdestate. Theydemandedright to vote , the prices of bread and meat should be lowered as well as taxes should beminimized, they wanted toFrenchas a republic and that all people are equal before the law.

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Jacobin was a revolutionarygroup. This group includes the members of the third estate. Theydemandedright to vote , the prices of bread and meat should be lowered as well as taxes should beminimized, they wanted toFrenchas a republic and that all people are equal before the law.

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The Jacobins club was the most famous political club of the French Revolution. The members of this club mainly belonged to the less prosperous sections of the society. It became an important place whereby people discussed their political ideologies and took action for their self-interest.

The reforms brought by the Jacobin government under Robespierre in France were:

  • Elections were held. All men of 21 years and above, regardless of wealth, got the right to vote. The newly elected assembly was called the Convention.
  • Jacobins abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.
  • The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment.
  • Robespierres government issued laws placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices.
  • Meat and bread were rationed. Peasants were forced to transport their grain to the cities and sell it at prices fixed by the government. The use of more expensive white flour was forbidden;
  • Instead of the traditional Monsieur (Sir) and Madame (Madam) all French men and women were henceforth Citoyenand Citoyenne (Citizen).
  • Churches were shut down and their buildings converted into barracks or offices.
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