Why Chlorophyll-A is called essential pigment ?
 

Dear student, 
Chlorophyll A is the primary pigment of photosynthesis which absorbs light of the violet, blue and red wavelengths. It is the principal electron donor in the electron transport chain initiated during light absorption. Inside both P680 and P700 reaction centres, the chlorophyll A is present and it gives two electrons to the transport chain. These electrons are released via redox reactions. Chlorophyll A along with accessory pigments help in covering the large range of wavelengths, however, chlorophyll A is the donor of electrons and thus, is considered to be the essential pigment. 
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Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light. It also reflects green-yellow light, and as such contributes to the observed green colour of most plants. This photosynthetic pigment is essential for photosynthesis in eukaryotes, cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes because of its role as primary electron donor in the electron transport chain. Chlorophyll a also transfers resonance energy in the antenna complex, ending in the reaction centre where specific chlorophylls P680 and P700 are located. Chlorophyll a is essential for most photosynthetic organisms to release chemical energy .

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