write common radicals with their valencies !???
The valencies of radicals are counted as the net charge on the radical.
For positive radicals the valencies are equal to net +ve charge on the species, while for negative radicals the valencies are equal to net -ve charge on the species. Some common examples are:
Positive Radicals | Valencies | Negative radicals | Valencies |
K+ ,Na+ ,Fe+ (ferrous),Ag+ NH4+ (ammonium) | 1 | F- ,Br- , OH- , HSO3- ,HCO3- ,NO3- | 1 |
Ca+2 ,Hg+2 , Fe+2 | 2 | CO3-2 , SO3-2 ,SO4-2 | 2 |
Al+3 , Au+3 , Fe+3 | 3 | N3- ,P3- , PO4-3 | 3 |
Pb+4 , Mn+4 | 4 |