Read the passage given below :  
Globalization is the way to open businesses, improve technological growth, economy, etc, at the international level for all countries. It is the way in which manufacturers and producers of the products or goods sell their products globally without any restriction.  It provides huge profits to the businessmen as they get low cost labour in poor countries easily. It provides a big opportunity to the companies to deal with the worldwide market.

Globalization helps to consider the whole world as a single market. Traders are  extending their areas of business by treating the world as a global village. Earlier till the 1990s, there was a restriction on importing certain products which were already manufactured in India like agricultural products, engineering goods, food items and toiletries. However, during the 1990s there was a pressure from the rich countries on  the poor and developing countries to allow them to spread their businesses by opening their markets. In India the globalization and liberalization process was started in 1991.

After many years, globalization brought about a major revolution in the Indian market when multinational brands came to India and started delivering a wide range of quality products at cheap prices. Prices of good quality products came down because of the cutthroat competition in the market.

Globalization and liberalization of the businesses in India have flooded the market  with quality foreign products but has affected the local Indian industries adversely to a great extent resulting in the job loss to poor and uneducated workers. Globalization has been a bonanza for the consumers, however, a loss to the small-scale Indian producers.

Globalization has had some very positive effects on the Indian consumer in all sectors of society. It has affected the Indian students and education sector to a great extent by making study books and a lot of information available over the internet. Collaboration of foreign universities with the Indian universities has brought about a huge change in the field of education.

Globalization of trade in the agricultural sector has brought varieties of quality seeds which have disease resistance property. However, it is not good for the poor Indian farmers because the seeds and agricultural technologies are costly.
 
It has brought about a huge revolution in the employment sector by the spread of businesses like cottage, handloom, carpet, artisan carving, ceramic, jewellery, and glassware etc.

Attempt any eight of the following questions :
(a) What is globalization ?
(b) Write any two advantages of globalization.
(c) What was the pressure from the rich countries in the 1990's ?
(d) What is the effect of multinational brands entering the Indian market ?
(e) How are the prices of quality products affected due to globalization ?
(f) How have the foreign products affected the local industry adversely ?
(g) What has been the impact of globalization on the Indian students ?
(h) Why has globalization had a negative effect on the poor Indian farmer ?
(i) How has the cottage industry benefited from globalization ? VIEW SOLUTION

Read the passage given below :
Everybody wants to succeed in life. For some, success means achieving whatever they desire or dream. For many it is the name, fame and social position. Whatever be the meaning of success, it is success which makes a man popular.
All great men have been successful. They are remembered for their great achievements. But it is certain that success comes to those who are sincere, hardworking, loyal and committed to their goals.
Success has been man's greatest motivation. It is very important for all. Success has a great effect on life. It brings pleasure and pride. It gives a sense of fulfilment. It means all-around development. Everybody hopes to be successful in life. But success smiles on those who have a proper approach, planning, vision and stamina. A proper and timely application of all these things is bound to bear fruit. One cannot be successful  without cultivating these certain basic things in life. It is very difficult to set out on a journey without knowing one's goals and purposes. Clarity of the objective is a must to succeed in life. A focused approach with proper planning is certain to bring success.
Indecision and insincerity are big obstacles on the path to success.
One should have the capability, capacity and resources to turn one's dreams into reality. Mere desire cannot bring you success. The desire should be weighed against factors like capability and resources. This is the basic requirement of success. The next important thing is the eagerness, seriousness and the urge to be successful. It is the driving force which decides the success. It is the first step on the ladder of success.
One needs to pursue one's goals with all one's sincerity and passion. One should always be in high spirit. Lack of such spirit leads to an inferiority complex which is a big obstruction on the path to success. Time is also a deciding factor. Only the punctual and committed have succeeded in life. Lives of great men are examples of  this. They had all these qualities in plenty which helped them rise to the peak of success.
Hard labour is one of the basic requirements of success. There is no substitute for hard labour. It alone can take one to the peak of success. Every success has a ratio of five percent inspiration and ninety-five percent perspiration. It is the patience, persistence and perseverance which play a decisive role in achieving success. Failures are the pillars of success as they are our stepping-stones and we must get up and start again and be motivated.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each :
(a) To whom does success come certainly ?
(b) What are the basic things in life we need to achieve success ?
(c) What did great men have in plenty to rise to the peak of success ? Give any two examples.
(d) What is the one basic requirement of success ?
(e) Explain : "Failures are pillars of success."

2.2 On the basis of your reading of the passage, fill in any two of the following blanks with appropriate words/phrase :  
(a) __________ plays a decisive role in achieving success.
(b) Goals have to be pursued with __________ and __________.
(c) Ratio of success is __________ inspiration.
 
2.3 Find out the words from the passage that mean the same as the following : (any two)
(a) endurance (para 2)
(b) obstruction (para 4)
(c) motivation (para 5) VIEW SOLUTION