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Carbon and its Compounds

  • Covalent bonds
  • The bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are known as covalent bonds.
  • In covalent bonding, both the atoms (that are participating in the bonding) share electrons, i.e., the shared electrons belong to both the atoms.
  • Carbon contains four electrons in its valence shell. It always forms covalent bonds as it is difficult for it to lose or gain four electrons in order to complete its octet.

 

  • Allotropes of Carbon
    • Allotropes have different appearances and physical properties, but chemically they are the same.
    • There are three allotropes of carbon: diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene.
 

Diamond

Graphite

Buckminsterfullerene

Amorphous Solid:                       

  • An amorphous solid is a non-crystalline solid with no well-defined ordered structure.
  • Amorphous forms of carbon are: Charcoal,  Lampblack or soot; Coal; Coke
Catenation
  • Catenation is the ability of an element to combine with itself through covalent bonds.
  •  Carbon shows extensive catenati…

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