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Relations and Functions

  • Cartesian product  of two sets: Two non-empty sets P and Q are given. The Cartesian product P × Q is the set of all ordered pairs of elements from P and Q, i.e.,

P × Q = {(p, q) : p ∈ P and q ∈ Q} 

Example: If P = {x, y} and Q = {-1, 1, 0}, then P × Q = {(x, -1), (x, 1), (x, 0), (y, -1), (y, 1), (y, 0)}

If either P or Q is a null set, then P × Q will also be a null set, i.e., P × Q = .

In general, if A is any set, then A × .

 

  • Property of Cartesian product  of two sets:
    • If n(A) = p, n(B) = q, then n(A × B) = pq.
    • If A and B are non-empty sets and either A or B is an infinite set, then so is the case with A × B
    • .A × A × A = {(a, b, c) : a, b,  c ∈ A}. Here, (a, b, c) is called an ordered triplet.
    • A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
    • A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C)

 

  • Two ordered pairs are equal if and only if the corresponding first elements are equal and …

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