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Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiration
Respiration is a chemical process in which glucose is breakdown to release energy for carrying out other life processes. The basic respiration process can be represented as:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Types of Respiration
  • Aerobic respiration: Respiration occurring in presence of oxygen. Most common type of respiration process in animals.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP + Heat energy
  • Anaerobic Respiration: Respiration occurring in absence of oxygen. Very few animals can respire anaerobically, example tapeworms
​C6H12O6 → Lactic acid + 2 ATP + Heat energy
 
Parts of Respiration
  • Breathing: It is a physical process in which oxygen-rich air is taken in and CO2 rich air (from our body's internal organs) is expelled out.
  • Gaseous transport: Firstly, the exchange of gases occurs in the lungs. The oxygen absorbed by the blood in lungs is then carried to other body parts as oxyhaemoglobin. The CO2 from the tissues is transported to the lungs through blood either as bicarbonates dissolved in plasms, or as carbamino-haemoglobin (by combining with haemoglobin).
  • Tissue respiration: The capillaries deliver the oxygen to the body cells and pick up the carbon dioxide released by them. This exchange of gases occurs by diffusion through thin walls of capillaries.
  • Cellular respiration: It involves complex chemical reactions inside the …

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