Living Science 2020 2021 Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components Of Food are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Components Of Food are extremely popular among class 6 students for Science Components Of Food Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the Living Science 2020 2021 Book of class 6 Science Chapter 2 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s Living Science 2020 2021 Solutions. All Living Science 2020 2021 Solutions for class 6 Science are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.

Page No 16:

Question 1:

What classes of nutrients are needed by our body?

Answer:

Our body requires following classes of nutrients:

1. Carbohydrates

2. Vitamins

3. Minerals

4. Proteins

5. Fats
 

Page No 16:

Question 2:

If you need quick energy, what kind of food will you depend on−sugary food, starchy food or food full of vitamins ? Why ?

Answer:

In order to obtain energy quickly, one should depend on sugary food. This is because sugary food act as instant source of energy, whereas starchy food release energy in a relatively slower manner. Vitamins, on the other hand, are required for the proper functioning of the body and do not provide much amount of energy.

Page No 16:

Question 3:

'Fats are used as an energy store by our body.' What do you understand by this statement?

Answer:

Fats act as a stored form of energy. These nutrients have highest amount of energy and are preserved in the body in different tissues and organs. The basic function of fats is to provide energy when the carbohydrates are exhausted from the body. Thus, fats are used as a source of stored form of energy.

Page No 16:

Question 4:

Whose requirement of proteins per kilogram body weight is greater−a 10 year-old child or a 24-year-old adult? Why? Why is 'per kilogram body weight specified here'?

Answer:

A 10 year-old student will have higher protein requirement per kilogram body weight as compared to a 24-year-old adult. This is because growing children require high amounts of proteins to perform growth of body. Per kilogram body weight is used to indicate that the protein requirements further depend on the weight of an organism. Thus, the protein requirement of an organism depends on the age as well as the weight of an organism.

Page No 16:

Question 5:

In which foods is roughage present−plant foods, animal foods or both? Give reasons.

Answer:

Roughage is specifically present in the plant foods. It is an indigestible carbohydrate material and is present in plants only. Roughage forms an important component of the diet and is required for the proper functioning of the digestive system. 



Page No 20:

Question 1:

Name one deficiency disease that can arise due to the deficiency of the following in the diet.

A. Proteins
B. Vitamin A

Answer:

A. The deficiency of proteins can lead to Kwashiorkor in children.

B. Vitamin A deficiency can result in night blindness.

Page No 20:

Question 2:

Identify the possible disease from the given symptoms, and the reason for the disease.

A. A child has bow legs.
B. A man has swollen and bleeding gums.
C. A child looks pale and gets tired quickly.
D. A woman has swelling in the neck.

Answer:

A. A child with bowed legs can be suffering from rickets. Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin D in the diet.

B. Swollen and bleeding gums are the symptoms associated with the disease scurvy. This disease is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin C.

C. A pale looking child that gets tired quickly will be suffering from anaemia. The deficiency of iron is the reason for occurrence of anaemia.

D. Swelling in the neck is a symptom associated with goitre. This disease is caused because of iodine deficiency.



Page No 21:

Question 1:

Which of these provides energy?
(a) vitamins
(b) minerals
(c) carbohydrates
(d) water

Answer:

(c) carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are a source of energy. Carbohydrates are converted into energy by combining with oxygen obtained by respiration. The byproducts are water and carbon dioxide.

Page No 21:

Question 2:

Which of these is the quickest source of energy?
(a) sugars
(b) starch
(c) proteins
(d) fats

Answer:

(a) sugars

Sugars are used by the body to generate energy most quickly.

Page No 21:

Question 3:

In which vitamin would your body be most deficient if you did not eat fresh fruits and green vegetables?
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin B
(c) vitamin C
(d) vitamin D

Answer:

(c) vitamin C

Fresh fruits and green vegetables are a source of vitamin C. Not eating these will lead to a deficiency of vitamin C.

Page No 21:

Question 4:

Which mineral is necessary for the formation of strong bones and muscles?
(a) iron
(b) calcium
(c) phosphorus
(d) potassium

Answer:

(c) phosphorus

Phosphorus is responsible for the formation of strong bones and muscles. It is a constituent of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule responsible for providing energy during muscle activity.

Page No 21:

Question 5:

Which of these forms most of our body weight?
(a) proteins
(b) fats
(c) carbohydrates
(d) water

Answer:

(d) Water

Water constitutes nearly 70% of our body weight.

Page No 21:

Question 6:

Iron is a
(a) mineral.
(b) fat.
(c) vitamin.
(d) protein.

Answer:

(a) mineral

Iron is a mineral. Fats, vitamins and proteins are classified as nutrients.

Page No 21:

Question 7:

Obesity occurs due to
(a) overeating of carbohydrates and fats.
(b) not eating enough carbohydrates and fats.
(c) overeating of vitamins and minerals.
(d) not eating enough vitamins and minerals.

Answer:

(a) overeating of carbohydrates and fats.

Obesity is the retention of excess of fat in the body. If excess carbohydrates are consumed, then they are converted into fat and stored in the body. Excess consumption of fats also leads to fat accumulation in the body.

Page No 21:

Question 8:

In which of the following diseases will you advise the intake of iodized salt?
(a) beri-beri
(b) goitre
(c) scurvy
(d) rickets

Answer:

(b) goitre

Goitre is caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet, which leads to a swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck region. This disease can be overcome by the intake of iodized salt.

Page No 21:

Question 9:

For developing strong bones and teeth, which two minerals will you take more in your diet?
(a) iron and sodium
(b) iron and calcium
(c) iodine and fluorine
(d) calcium and phosphorus

Answer:

(d) calcium and phosphorus

Calcium and phosphorus are the two minerals necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth.

Page No 21:

Question 10:

Marasmus is caused due to diet insufficient in
(a) proteins.
(b) carbohydrates.
(c) fats.
(d) all of these

Answer:

(d) all of these

Marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of all major nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. A person suffering from marasmus has a body weight 60% below normal for that gender and age.

Page No 21:

Question 1:

Lack of nutrients leads to ___________ diseases.

Answer:


Lack of nutrients leads to deficiency diseases.

Page No 21:

Question 2:

Sugars provide energy faster than starch. True or false?

Answer:

True, the body can convert sugar into energy more rapidly and easily than starch.

Page No 21:

Question 3:

The place where fats are mainly stored in the body is under the ______________

Answer:

The place where fats are mainly stored in the body is under the skin.

Page No 21:

Question 4:

Deficiency of which vitamin is likely to cause rickets in children?

Answer:

Deficiency of vitamin-D is likely to cause rickets in children.

Page No 21:

Question 5:

Which mineral is vital for bones and teeth?

Answer:

The mineral calcium is vital for bones and teeth. In addition, phosphorus is also an important mineral for bones and teeth.

Page No 21:

Question 6:

Which substance plays an important role as a solvent in the transport of materials, digestion of food and excretion of waste products?

Answer:

Water plays an important role as a solvent in the transport of materials, digestion of food and excretion of waste products.

Page No 21:

Question 7:

A diet that contains the proper amounts of each nutrient is called a _________ diet.

Answer:

A diet that contains the proper amounts of each nutrient is called a balanced diet.

Page No 21:

Question 8:

Meat does not contain roughage. True or false?

Answer:

True, meat does not contain roughage. Roughage is a fibrous carbohydrate that cannot be digested.

Page No 21:

Question 9:

Fibre cannot be digested by the body, so it is better to eliminate it from food. True or false?

Answer:

False, fibre is an important constituent of food although, it remains undigested but it prevents irritation of the bowels and minimizes constipation.

Page No 21:

Question 10:

Which vitamin is easily destroyed during cooking?

Answer:

Vitamin C is easily destroyed during cooking.



Page No 22:

Question 1:

Into which classes are nutrients divided? Which of these provide energy to the body?

Answer:

Nutrients are divided into following classes depending upon the function they perform. 

  1. Energy giving nutrients
  2. Body building nutrients
  3. Protective nutrients
Energy giving nutrients, namely carbohydrates and fats provide energy to the body.

Page No 22:

Question 2:

What are protective foods?

Answer:

Protective foods are foods that contain minerals and vitamins. The minerals and vitamins in the protective food protect the body against various diseases.

Page No 22:

Question 3:

How are the proteins important for the body?

Answer:

Protein is a body building nutrient. Proteins are important to generate new cells and to replace old and worn out cells. Hence, they play a role in growth of the body.

Page No 22:

Question 4:

Mention two cooking methods that destroy nutrients in food.

Answer:

The two cooking methods that destroy nutrients in food are:

  1. Cooking food in excess water dissolves many nutrients, particularly water soluble vitamins, in the water. When the extra water is thrown away, the nutrients dissolved in the water are also lost.
  2. Cooking food at high heat can destroy vitamin C.

Page No 22:

Question 5:

Name the two kinds of carbohydrates. Which of these provides us quick energy?

Answer:

Sugars and starch are two kinds of carbohydrates. Sugars are easier to break down and they provide us with quick energy.

Page No 22:

Question 6:

Which nutrients are needed by our body in small quantities only?

Answer:

Minerals are needed by our body in small quantities only.
Example iron is a mineral needed for formation of red blood cells in the body. However, an excess of iron can lead to iron poisoning, which may be fatal.

Page No 22:

Question 7:

Write the symptoms of rickets.

Answer:

Ans

Page No 22:

Question 8:

What are the symptoms of marasmus?

Answer:


A child suffering from marasmus is underweight, often weighing 60% less than normal. The child suffers from muscle wastage and becomes so thin that loose folds of skin are seen all over the body.

Page No 22:

Question 9:

The incidence of goitre among the people living in the Himalayan region was quite high. Why?

Answer:

The iodine content in the soil and water in the Himalayan region is very low. As a result, the incidence of goitre is quite high in people living in the Himalayan region.

Page No 22:

Question 1:

Explain the importance of the following vitamins for the body.
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin C
(c) vitamin D
(d) vitamin K

Answer:

(a) Vitamin A: It is necessary for normal growth and it keeps the eyes and skin healthy.

(b) Vitamin C: It is vital for normal growth and also for the development of strong blood vessels.

(c) Vitamin D: The body uses vitamin-D to utilise calcium for the formation of strong bones and teeth.

(d) Vitamin K: It is important for the clotting of blood.

Page No 22:

Question 2:

Explain the importance of the following minerals for the body.
(a) calcium
(b) sodium
(c) potassium
(d) iron

Answer:

(a) Calcium: Calcium is essential for the formation of healthy bones and strong teeth.

(b) Sodium: Sodium is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

(c) Potassium: Potassium is essential for normal growth and also to keep cells and blood healthy.

(d) Iron:  Iron is an important part of haemoglobin, which is the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen to all the cells of the body.

Page No 22:

Question 3:

Why should you drink 6−8 glasses of water every day even when water does not provide any energy?

Answer:

Water serves the following vital functions in our body:

  1. Water helps in the absorption of nutrients in the body.
  2. The nutrients obtained from food are transported throughout the body by water.
  3. The wastes generated in cells are collected and transported by water.
Every day, we loose water by excretion, by sweating, etc. To replenish this water, we must drink at least 6-8 glasses of water each day.

Page No 22:

Question 4:

What do you mean by a balanced diet? Is it the same for everybody? Why

Answer:

A balanced diet is a diet which supplies all the required nutrients for the healthy functioning of the body in the proper amounts.
A balanced diet is individual specific. It cannot be the same for everybody and varies depending upon the age, gender and type of work of an individual.
Example:

  1. A growing child needs proteins to grow rapidly.
  2. Nursing mothers and pregnant women need more proteins to feed a growing baby.
  3. Labourers must consume more carbohydrates and fats as they need more energy.

Page No 22:

Question 5:

What are deficiency diseases? Name four deficiency diseases and the associated nutrients.

Answer:

Individuals who are unable to consume a balanced diet and therefore do not get the required amount of nutrients from their diet suffer from deficiency diseases. Four deficiency diseases are:

  1. Scurvy: It is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C.
  2. Rickets: It is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D.
  3. Anaemia: It is caused by the deficiency of iron.
  4. Goitre: It is caused by the deficiency of iodine.

Page No 22:

Question 6:

Discuss the importance of roughage in our diet.

Answer:

Roughage is consist of undigestible carbohydrates found in fruits and vegetables and remains undigested in the entire digestive tract from mouth to anus. The roughage serves certain important functions:

  1. It helps the muscles of the digestive tract in the formation of stools.
  2. It prevents constipation and ensures proper bowel movement.
  3. A diet that supplies adequate roughage is thought to reduce the incidence of heart diseases, bowel cancers and irritation of the bowels.

Page No 22:

Question 1:

It is observed that constipation is common among people in the western countries who eat more meat and processed food than us. What can be the reason for this?

Answer:

Processed food and meats contain very little roughage. The lack of roughage leads to constipation in people who consume foods deficient in roughage such as meat, processed flour, white flour and breads etc.

Page No 22:

Question 2:

An overworked computer software engineer works on the computer the whole day. He gets very tired after work. Somebody advised him to eat more carbohydrates and fats to get more energy. Do you think this will help him? Why?

Answer:

A computer engineer works sitting at a place and he does not expend a lot of energy to work. In other words, his work is sedentary. In such case, consumption of carbohydrates and fats will cause him to put on weight and become obese. So, a diet rich in carbohydrates and fats will not be helpful, but may harm a sedentary worker like a computer engineer.

Page No 22:

Question 3:

Will you remain healthy if you only drink milk? Why?

Answer:

Milk contains most of the nutrients required. Therefore, milk is an example of a balanced diet. So, we can remain healthy by consuming mostly milk. However, milk is low in calorific value, so it may be difficult to meet all the energy requirements from a milk diet.

Page No 22:

Question 4:

Explorers going to the North or South Poles must carry green vegetables and fruit juices with them. Why is this necessary?

Answer:

Explorers travelling to the north pole or the south pole will travel for a long time without access to fresh fruits or green vegetables. Not getting fresh fruits or vegetables for long periods can cause deficiency diseases such as scurvy. To prevent this, explorers going on long journeys to the north pole or the south pole carry with them large stocks of green vegetables and fruit juices.

Page No 22:

Question 1:

A scientist prepared a table showing the percentage of protein, fat, carbohydrate and water in some food items. Unfortunately, he did not write the names of the constituents and labelled them as A, B, C and D.

Study the table and say which constituents are represented by A, B, C and D.
 

Food A (%) B (%) C (%) D (%)
Butter
Meat
Potatoes
0.5
25
2
16.5
55
82
0
0
16
83
20
0

Answer:

A - Protein
B - Water
C - Carbohydrates
D - Fat



Page No 23:

Question 1:

A large number of people in India, including children, do not get enough food to eat. For them, a balanced diet with all nutrients is a distant dream.
On the other hand, you may have seen people attending parties filling up their plates with more food than they can eat and wasting the food. Do you think this is justified? What message would you like to give to such people?

Answer:

No, wasting of food in any manner is not justified. 
We should try not to waste food as that wasted food can fill the stomachs of many poor and hungry people. The best way to avoid wasting food in parties etc. is to take little amounts of things you want to eat. Once you are finished you can have another serving without wasting the food. This would ensure that the food does not get wasted.



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