Longman Panorma Civics Solutions Solutions for Class 6 Social science Chapter 3 - The Government

Answer:

The decision to construct well in the village is taken by the local government.

Explanation: All small decisions in a village or a town are taken by the local government. Therefore, all the decisions for carrying out the development of the village, such as the construction of roads, schools and tube wells, will be taken by the local government of the village.

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The decision to promote cultural ties between India and Indonesia is the responsibility of the central government.

Explanation: International relations are maintained by the central government. Therefore, the decision to promote cultural ties between countries is taken by the central government.

Answer:

The decision to reduce the price of wheat is the responsibility of the state government.

Explanation: Decisions on increasing or decreasing the prices of various commodities in the state are taken by the state government. This is the reason why petrol prices are different in different states.

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Revision of salaries of all government employees is the responsibility of the central government.

Explanation: Financial matters are an important aspect of the country and all the important decisions in this regard are taken by the central government. Therefore, deciding on the revision of salaries of the employees is also the task of the central government.

Answer:

Setting up of a planetarium in Indore is the responsibility of the local government.

Explanation: The local government is responsible for the development of its governing region. Therefore, all the development work, for example, construction of roads, hospitals, schools, setting up of a planetarium, are undertaken by the local government.

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The government maintains peace in the country.

Explanation: Peace in a country can be established only when the laws of the country are effective enough to accommodate all diversities. As the government has the sole right to make laws, maintenance of peace is also its duty.

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A primary function of the government is to make laws.

Explanation: Laws form the foundation of a welfare state. To achieve its ultimate aim, the government needs to make laws. Laws provide the principle that guide the activities of the citizen.

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In a monarchy, the king or the queen takes all the important decisions.

Explanation: In a monarchy, all powers are concentrated in the hands of the king and the queen. Therefore, the authority to take all the decisions also lies with them.

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Universal Adult Franchise means everyone has the right to vote.

Explanation: Universal Adult Franchise means that all citizens of a country have the right to vote, irrespective of caste, creed, religion or sex.

Answer:

Before independence, the voting rights were denied to the women and poor.

Explanation: The British always tried to keep the Indian population divided. This was the reason why only the rich men were allowed to vote and the women and the poor were debarred from voting.

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The government is the decision-making body of a state or a nation. It is responsible for making and executing laws for the welfare and development of the country. It affects our daily life in the following ways:

1. It is responsible for the development of infrastructure like roads, hospitals, bridges, public parks, etc.

2. The government provides services such as social security and health insurance to the people.

3. It makes laws for the protection of women and children. For example, Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 and Prohibition and Regulation Act  1978 (Child labour).

4. It provides protection against external threats.

Answer:

Local government is the government at the village, town or city level.

Our interaction is maximum with the local government as it is easily accessible to us.

Local government is directly responsible for the social and economic development of the area we live in. For example, it is responsible for undertaking all the welfare measures like the development of infrastructure such as roads, hospitals, schools and parks. All our grievances are heard and resolved by the local government.

The other two levels of the government are as follows:

1. State government - Responsible for the effective running of the state

2. Central government - Responsible for the effective running of the country

Answer:

 Democracy and monarchy are different systems of governance of a country. The differences between them can be explained in the following points:


 

Answer:

Universal Adult Franchise is the right of every adult to vote in a democratic form of government. They have the right to chose their representatives for the effective running of the government.

Universal Adult Franchise is not implemented globally. Though maximum countries with representative form of government follow this principle, it is not followed in countries like Saudi Arabia as women have been denied the right to vote there.

Answer:

Suffragettes were the members of the women's suffrage movement that started during the late 19th and early 20th century, particularly in UK and USA.
After the World War I, when the women realised their importance in the society, they started fighting for their rights. This movement finally helped the women in achieving voting rights in their respective countries.

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Women were earlier denied the voting rights in most of the countries. They were discriminated in the context of voting rights because of the following reasons:

1. It was believed that the primary role of women is to stay at home and look after their husbands and children.

2. It was also believed that participating in the activities outside their house will distract them from carrying out the household tasks effectively.

It was only during the World War I that the gender stereotypes started breaking and the women started fighting for their right to vote.

Answer:

Democracy is the best form of government. Following are the characteristics that make democracy the best form of government:

1. In a democracy, people elect their own government.

2. It gives equal rights to all citizens, irrespective of their caste, class, gender, colour and religion.

3. The people are involved in the running of the country and have the right to express their views on the working of the government.

4. The government is answerable to the people and cannot take any decision without the approval of its citizens.

Answer:

 Women received equal voting rights by adopting the following measures:

1. Women all over the world had to struggle and protest for voting rights. This struggle is known as the Women Suffrage Movement.

2.  The movement gained momentum in many countries including USA, UK and France.

3. UK, USA and France gave voting rights to women in 1920, 1928 and 1946, respectively. 

4. Some countries like Saudi Arabia still deny voting rights to women. However, most of the countries in the world have adopted Universal Adult Franchise. That is, every adult has the right to vote and cannot be discriminated against on the basis of gender and social status.

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The government maintains defence forces to protect its people from foreign invasions. It maintains an army, a navy and an air force that work for the protection of the country from external threats and violent attacks.

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It becomes difficult for the country to operate from a single point as the territory under it is generally large. It is not possible to make decisions for such a vast region. Therefore, for effective functioning, the government is divided into the following three levels:
1. The central government: It covers the whole country.
2. The state government: It covers only the state.
3. The local government: It covers a particular village, town, locality or city.

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India is called a democracy because every adult citizen, indirectly participates in the running of the government in the following ways:
   1. Every adult has the right to chose their own representative to form the government.
   2. The representatives are chosen by the system of voting.
   3. People are indirectly involved in law making and law enforcement.
   4. The people can question the working of the government.
   5. They have the power to change the government if it does not function properly according to the general will of the people.

Answer:

Government makes laws for the following reasons:
    1. For the smooth running of the country
    2. For safeguarding the rights of the people
    3. For resolving the conflicts between individuals and groups in a systematic and disciplined way
    4. For giving equal treatment to all without discriminating them on the basis of religion, income, gender etc
    5. For maintaining peace and harmony in the society

Answer:

Women were not allowed to participate in politics before the women's suffrage movement because

    1. Politics was considered to be the arena of men.

    2. It was believed that the primary role of women is to stay at home and look after their husbands and children.

    3. It was also believed that participating in the activities outside their house will distract them from carrying out the household tasks effectively.