Longman Panorma Geography Solutions Solutions for Class 6 Social science Chapter 5 Realms Of The Earth are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Realms Of The Earth are extremely popular among class 6 students for Social science Realms Of The Earth Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the Longman Panorma Geography Solutions Book of class 6 Social science Chapter 5 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s Longman Panorma Geography Solutions Solutions. All Longman Panorma Geography Solutions Solutions for class 6 Social science are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.
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Question A.1:
Name the four realms of the earth.
Answer:
(1) Lithosphere: It is the hard, rocky outermost shell of the Earth made up of rocks and soil. Almost three-fourths of the total area of the Earth is covered by water and the remaining one-fourth is covered by land.
(2) Atmosphere: It is the air or the layer of gases that surrounds us. The main constituent of the atmosphere is nitrogen (78%), which is followed by oxygen (21%) and gases such as carbon dioxide, xenon and argon.
(3) Hydrosphere: It is the mass of water found on the Earth that includes oceans, rivers, lakes, estuaries, etc. It also includes ice caps of the polar regions, underground water and water vapour in the air.
(4) Biosphere: The zone where land, water and air come in contact with each other to support life and where living organisms inhabit is called the biosphere.
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Question A.2:
Which landform features separate Europe from Asia?
Answer:
- The Ural Mountains run from north to south in Western Russia and in the northwest parts of Kazakstan.
- The Caspian Sea is a landlocked water body surrounded by Kazakstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.
- The Black Sea is located in Southeastern Europe and is of great strategic importance.
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Question A.3:
Which continent has the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn passing through it?
Answer:
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Question A.4:
Which is the smallest continent? By what other name do we often call it?
Answer:
Located in the Southern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is the sixth largest country in the world by area. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.
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Question A.5:
Which is the only ocean to be named after a country? Name the landmasses that are adjacent to it.
Answer:
The Asian subcontinent is located to the north of the Indian Ocean, with India to the north, the African landmass to the east and the Australian landmass to the west.
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Question A.6:
Name the five layers of the atmosphere.
Answer:
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Question A.7:
What is the relation between atmospheric pressure and wind movement?
Answer:
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Question A.8:
What is an ecosystem?
Answer:
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Question B.1:
Lithosphere and hydrosphere
Answer:
| Lithosphere | Hydrosphere |
| It is the outermost layer of the Earth that consists of soil, rocks, etc. | It is a mass of water found on the Earth that includes oceans, rivers, lakes and estuaries. |
| Almost three-fourths of the lithosphere is covered with water, while the rest is covered with land. | It also includes ice caps of the polar regions, underground water and water vapour in the air. |
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Question B.2:
Isthmus and strait
Answer:
| Isthmus | Strait |
| It is a narrow body of land connecting two larger landmasses with water on both sides. | It is a narrow body of water connecting two larger water bodies. This water body is navigable and acts as an important shipping route. |
| For example, the Isthmus of Panama joins North America with South America. To its west is the Pacific Ocean and to its east is the Atlantic Ocean. | For example, the Palk Strait is a strait between Tamil Nadu and northern Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal with the Palk Bay. |
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Question B.3:
Sea and ocean
Answer:
| Sea | Ocean |
| A sea is a smaller water body as compared to an ocean. | An ocean is a bigger water body as compared to a sea. |
| A sea is a smaller division of water mass attached to an ocean. It is usually located at a place where a land and an ocean meet. | An ocean is a larger division of water mass on the Earth. |
| Examples of seas include the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Black Sea. | Examples of oceans include the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. |
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Question C.1:
The earth appears blue from space.
Answer:
Seventy-one percent of the Earth's surface is covered with water. Because of this, the Earth appears blue when seen from space. Hence, it is also known as the Blue Planet or the Water Planet.
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Question C.2:
The Atlantic Ocean is the busiest ocean.
Answer:
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Question C.3:
Air temperature decreases with height.
Answer:
The atmosphere gets heated up because of the presence of dust particles, gases and water vapour, which trap heat. As we move upwards, the air becomes thinner and the amount of dust particles, gases and water vapour present become less. This implies that less heat is absorbed leading to the reduction in temperature. Thus, a fall in air temperature is witnessed with increasing height.
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Question C.4:
We should try to maintain a balance among the ecosystems.
Answer:
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Question D.1:
Write about the distribution of landmasses in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Answer:
The Equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into two hemispheres. The region that lies to the north of the Equator is called the Northern Hemisphere and the region that lies to the south of the Equator is called the Southern Hemisphere. The landmass is unevenly distributed across the two hemispheres.
Northern Hemisphere: Majority of the landmass is located in the Northern hemisphere. It includes five continents: Europe, North America, Asia, South America and Africa. The distribution of the landmass is as follows:
(1) The whole Europe lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It has the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
(2) The whole of North America lies in the Northern Hemisphere between the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east.
(3) The majority of Asia lies in the Northern Hemisphere. The major oceans surrounding it are the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Pacific Ocean in the east.
(4) About one-fourth of South America is located in the Northern Hemisphere. It is located between the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east.
(5) Almost two-thirds of Africa is located in the Northern Hemisphere. It has the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Indian Ocean in the east.
Southern Hemisphere: Lesser landmass is located in this region. The distribution of the landmass is as follows:
(1) Most of South America lies in this hemisphere. It is located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
(2) About one-third of Africa lies in the Southern Hemisphere, with Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Indian Ocean in the east.
(3) Parts of Asia, including most of Indonesia and Maldives, are located in this hemisphere.
(4) The whole of Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. It is covered by water on all sides. The continent has the Indian Ocean in the north and the Pacific Ocean in the east.
(5) The whole Antarctica lies in the Southern Hemisphere. It is located on the geographic South Pole. It is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.
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Question D.2:
Which is the largest ocean? Describe it.
Answer:
Location: It is located between North America and South America in the east and the Asian and Australian continents in the west.
Size: It is the biggest ocean in the world and covers about one-third of the Earth's surface. It is almost circular in shape. It is, in fact, bigger than the size of all the continents put together.
Depth: It is the deepest ocean in the world. The Mariana Trench, which is the lowest point of the Earth's crust, is located here.
Islands: There are around 20,000 islands in this ocean; they are mostly located to the south of the Equator.
Volcanoes: Around three-fourths of the volcanoes of the world are located in this region. This region of volcanoes is also called the Ring of Fire.
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Question D.3:
Mention the names and the uses of the various gases that make up air.
Answer:
The atmosphere is made up of various gases. Its important constituents are nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with other gases constituting less than one percent. These gases are important for the survival of all forms of life. The composition of the atmosphere is as follows:
Nitrogen: Seventy-eight percent of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen; hence, it is the most abundant gas. It is present in all living organisms and is necessary for their sustenance. It is required by plants for the production of food and for the maintenance of soil fertility.
Oxygen: Oxygen makes up twenty-one percent of the atmosphere. It is the most important gas, as it is responsible for the existence of life on the Earth. It is present in the air we breathe (O2) and the water (H2O) we drink.
Argon: The atmosphere has 0.9% of argon. It is used for making light bulbs.
Carbon dioxide: The atmosphere has about 0.035% of carbon dioxide. It is breathed out by many living beings through the process of respiration. Plants use it to make their food in the presence of sunlight. It also helps in maintaining optimum temperature, as it absorbs the heat radiated from the Earth's surface.
Other gases: The rest of the atmosphere comprises gases like methane, hydrogen, helium and water vapour.
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Question E.1:
A continent that lies on both sides of the Equator
a. North America
b. Africa
c. Australia
d. Antarctica
Answer:
The correct answer is option (b).
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Question E.2:
Africa is bounded by the ___________ Sea in the north.
a. Baltic
b. Caribbean
c. North
d. Mediterranean
Answer:
The correct answer is option (d).
Explanation: The Mediterranean Sea was an important sea route in olden days. It is still an area of strategic importance. It is surrounded by Asia, Africa and Europe.
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Question E.3:
The ____________ separates Africa from Asia.
a. Suez Canal
b. Panama Canal
c. Strait of Gibraltar
d. Red sea
Answer:
The correct answer is option (a).
Explanation: The Suez Canal acts as the shortest route between Asia and Europe, especially the region around the Indian subcontinent. It is located in Egypt.
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Question E.4:
The shape of the Atlantic Ocean is like the alphabet
a. A
b. C
c. S
d. L
Answer:
The correct answer is option (c).
Explanation: The Atlantic Ocean is surrounded by North America, South America, Europe and Africa. It is the second largest ocean in the world.
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Question E.5:
The atmosphere approximately extends upto
a. 1000 km
b. 1200 km
c. 1400 km
d. 1600 km
Answer:
The correct answer is option (d).
Explanation: ​The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth's surface. It is divided into different layers based on temperature, chemical properties, etc.
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Question F.1:
Oceans occupy 90% of the earth's surface.
Answer:
Oceans occupy around 71% of the Earth's surface.
Explanation: Since oceans occupy around 71% of the Earth's surface, the Earth is called the Water Planet or the Blue Planet.
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Question F.2:
Antarctica is smaller than Australia.
Answer:
Antarctica is larger than Australia.
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Question F.3:
Europe is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the Arctic Ocean in the west.
Answer:
Europe is bounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
Explanation: Located in the Northern Hemisphere, Europe extends in both the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. It is joined to Asia in the east and is separated from it by the Ural Mountains, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea.
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Question F.4:
Straight coastlines provide excellent locations for ports.
Answer:
Irregular coastlines provide excellent locations for ports.
Explanation: An irregular coastline has many natural harbours, as it is not smooth. This makes the building of ports easier. India has an irregular coastline; thus, it has many ports like Mumbai, Chennai and Visakhapatnam.
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Question F.5:
Wind always blows from low pressure areas to high pressure areas.
Answer:
Winds always blow from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.
Explanation: Atmospheric pressure is dependent on temperature. Cold air is associated with high pressure and warm air with low pressure. Because of the difference in pressure, the air starts moving from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area. This horizontal motion of the air is called wind.
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Question G:
On an outline map of the world mark all the continents and oceans.
Answer:
. 
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