Mathematics NCERT Grade 7, Chapter 11: Perimeter and Area- This chapter gives all the details about the perimeter and area of plane figures. Firstly the chapter discusses squares and rectangles
• Perimeter is the distance around a closed figure whereas area is the part of the plane occupied by the closed figure.
The perimeter of the following geometrical shapes are discussed in the first section:
• Square
• Perimeter of a square = 4 × side
• Rectangle
• Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)
The section is divided into two sub-parts:
1. Triangles as parts of rectangles
2. Generalising for other congruent parts of rectangles
Before moving onto exercise 11.2, the topics Area of triangle and parallelogram are discussed.
• Area of a square = side × side
• Area of a rectangle = length × breadth
• Area of a parallelogram = base × height
• Area of a triangle =1/2 × base × height
In the other half of the chapter, circles are explained. The topic is explained in two parts:
1. Circumference of Circle
• The distance around a circular region is known as its circumference.
• Circumference of a circle = $\mathrm{\pi }$d
​2. Area of circle​
Area of circle is given by $\mathrm{\pi }$r2

The last part of the chapter is about the conversion of units and application of the formulas.
• Based on the conversion of units for lengths, studied in the chapter, the units of areas can also be converted:
• 1 cm2 = 100 mm2
• 1 m2 = 10000 cm2
• 1 hectare = 10000 m2
The various formulas and the conversions of units are revised and thus their application in real life scenarios are studied in this topic. These questions require practice and thus one needs to try and solve as many questions as possible in this chapter.
Students will be briefed about important points of the chapter perimeter and area in the end.

Question 1:

The length and the breadth of a rectangular piece of land are 500 m and 300 m respectively. Find

(i) its area

(ii)the cost of the land, if 1 m2 of the land costs Rs 10,000.

(i) Area = Length × Breadth

= 500 × 300

= 150000 m2

(ii)Cost of 1 m2 land = Rs 10000

Cost of 150000 m2 land = 10000 × 150000 = Rs 1500000000

Question 2:

Find the area of a square park whose perimeter is 320 m.

Perimeter = 320 m

4 × Length of the side of park = 320

Length of the side of park =

Area = (Length of the side of park)2 = (80)2 = 6400 m2

Question 3:

Find the breadth of a rectangular plot of land, if its area is 440 m2 and the length is 22 m. Also find its perimeter.

Area = Length × Breadth = 440 m2

22 × Breadth = 440

Breadth == 20 m

Perimeter = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (22 + 20) = 2 (42) = 84 m2

Question 4:

The perimeter of a rectangular sheet is 100 cm. If the length is 35 cm, find its breadth. Also find the area.

Perimeter = 2 (Length + Breadth) = 100 cm

2 (35 + Breadth) = 100

35 + B = 50

B = 50 − 35 = 15 cm

Area = Length × Breadth = 35 × 15 = 525 cm2

Question 5:

The area of a square park is the same as of a rectangular park. If the side of the square park is 60 m and the length of the rectangular park is 90 m, find the breadth of the rectangular park.

Area of square park = (One of its sides)2 = (60)2 = 3600 m2

Area of rectangular park = Length × Breadth = 3600

90 × Breadth = 3600

Breadth = 40 m
​​​​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 208 , Q.No.: 5)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 208 , Question 5

Question 6:

A wire is in the shape of a rectangle. Its length is 40 cm and breadth is 22 cm. If the same wire is rebent in the shape of a square, what will be the measure of each side. Also find which shape encloses more area?

Perimeter of rectangle = Perimeter of square

2 (Length + Breadth) = 4 × Side

2 (40 + 22) = 4 × Side

2 × 62 = 4 × Side

Side == 31 cm

Area of rectangle = 40 × 22 = 880 cm2

Area of square = (Side)2 = 31 × 31 = 961 cm2

Therefore, the square-shaped wire encloses more area.
​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 208 , Q.No.: 6)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 208 , Question 6

Question 7:

The perimeter of a rectangle is 130 cm. If the breadth of the rectangle is 30 cm, find its length. Also find the area of the rectangle.

Perimeter = 2 (Length + Breadth) = 130

2 (Length + 30) = 130

Length + 30 = 65

Length = 65 − 30 = 35 cm

Area = Length × Breadth = 35 × 30 = 1050 cm2

Question 8:

A door of length 2 m and breadth 1 m is fitted in a wall. The length of the wall is 4.5 m and the breadth is 3.6 m (see the given figure). Find the cost of white washing the wall, if the rate of white washing the wall is Rs 20 per m2.

Area of wall = 4.5 × 3.6 = 16.2 m2

Area of door = 2 × 1 = 2 m2

Area to be white-washed = 16.2 − 2 = 14.2 m2

Cost of white-washing 1 m2 area = Rs 20

∴Cost of white-washing 14.2 m2 area = 14.2 × 20 = Rs 284

Question 1:

Find the area of each of the following parallelograms:

Area of parallelogram = Base × Height

(a) Height= 4 cm

Base = 7 cm

Area of parallelogram = 7 × 4 = 28 cm2

(b) Height= 3 cm

Base = 5 cm

Area of parallelogram = 5 × 3 = 15 cm2

(c) Height= 3.5 cm

Base = 2.5 cm

Area of parallelogram = 2.5 × 3.5 = 8.75 cm2

(d) Height= 4.8 cm

Base = 5 cm

Area of parallelogram = 5 × 4.8 = 24 cm2

(e) Height= 4.4 cm

Base = 2 cm

Area of parallelogram = 2 × 4.4 = 8.8 cm2

Question 2:

Find the area of each of the following triangles:

(a) Base = 4 cm, height= 3 cm

Area = 6 cm2

(b) Base = 5 cm, height= 3.2 cm

Area = 8 cm2

(c) Base = 4 cm, height= 3 cm

Area = 6 cm2

(d)Base = 3 cm, height= 2 cm

Area = = 3 cm2

Question 3:

Find the missing values:

 So No Base Height Area of parallelogram a. 20 cm - 246 cm2 b. - 15 cm 154.5 cm2 c. - 8.4 cm 48.72 cm2 d. 15.6 cm - 16.38 cm2

Area of parallelogram = Base × Height

(a) b = 20 cm

h = ?

Area = 246 cm2

20 × h = 246

Therefore, the height of such parallelogram is 12.3 cm.

(b) b = ?

h = 15 cm

Area = 154.5 cm2

b × 15 = 154.5

b = 10.3 cm

Therefore, the base of such parallelogram is 10.3 cm.

(c) b = ?

h = 8.4 cm

Area = 48.72 cm2

b × 8.4 = 48.72

Therefore, the base of such parallelogram is 5.8 cm.

(d) b = 15.6 cm

h = ?

Area = 16.38 cm2

15.6 × h = 16.38

Therefore, the height of such parallelogram is 1.05 cm.

Question 4:

Find the missing values:

 Base Height Area of triangle 15 cm _______ 87 cm2 _______ 31.4 mm 1256 mm2 22 cm _______ 170.5 cm2

(a) b = 15 cm

h = ?

Area =

Therefore, the height of such triangle is 11.6 cm.

(b) b = ?

h = 31.4 mm

Area =

Therefore, the base of such triangle is 80 mm.

(c) b = 22 cm

h = ?

Area =

Therefore, the height of such triangle is 15.5 cm.

Question 5:

PQRS is a parallelogram (see the given figure). QM is the height from Q to SR and QN is the height from Q to PS. If SR = 12 cm and QM = 7.6 cm. Find:

(a) the area of the parallelogram PQRS

(b) QN, if PS = 8 cm

(a) Area of parallelogram = Base × Height = SR × QM

= 7.6 × 12 = 91.2 cm2

(b) Area of parallelogram = Base × Height = PS × QN = 91.2 cm2

QN × 8 = 91.2

​​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 217 , Q.No.: 5)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 217 , Question 5

Question 6:

DL and BM are the heights on sides AB and AD respectively of parallelogram ABCD (see the given figure). If the area of the parallelogram is 1470 cm2, AB = 35 cm and AD = 49 cm, find the length of BM and DL.

Area of parallelogram = Base × Height = AB × DL

1470 = 35 × DL

Also, 1470 = AD × BM

1470 = 49 × BM

Question 7:

ΔABC is right angled at A (see the given figure). AD is perpendicular to BC. If AB = 5 cm, BC = 13 cm and AC = 12 cm, Find the area of ΔABC. Also find the length of AD.

Area == 30 cm2

​​​​​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 217 , Q.No.: 7)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 217 , Question 7

Question 8:

ΔABC is isosceles with AB = AC = 7.5 cm and BC = 9 cm (see the given figure). The height AD from A to BC, is 6 cm. Find the area of ΔABC. What will be the height from C to AB i.e., CE?

Question 1:

Find the circumference of the circles with the following radius: (Takeπ)

(a) 14 cm (b) 28 mm (c) 21 cm

(a) r = 14 cm

Circumference = 2πr = 88 cm

(b) r = 28 mm

Circumference = 2πr = 176 mm

(c) r = 21 cm

Circumference = 2πr = 132 cm

Question 2:

Find the area of the following circles, given that:

(a) radius = 14 mm (Takeπ) (b) diameter = 49 m

(c) radius = 5 cm

(a) r = 14 mm

Area = πr2 = 616 mm2

(b) d = 49 m

r =

Area = πr2 == 1886.5 m2

(c) r = 5 cm

Area = πr2 = = 78.57 cm2

Question 3:

If the circumference of a circular sheet is 154m, find its radius. Also find the area of

the sheet. (Takeπ)

Circumference = 2πr =154 m

Area = πr2 =

= = 1886.5 m2

Question 4:

A gardener wants to fence a circular garden of diameter 21 m. Find the length of the rope he needs to purchase, if he makes 2 rounds of fence. Also find the costs of the rope, if it cost Rs 4 per meter. (Takeπ)

d = 21 m

r =

Circumference = 2πr == 66 m

Length of rope required for fencing = 2 × 66 m = 132 m

Cost of 1 m rope = Rs 4

Cost of 132 m rope = 4 × 132 = Rs 528

Question 5:

From a circular sheet of radius 4 cm, a circle of radius 3 cm is removed. Find the area of the remaining sheet. (Takeπ = 3.14)

Outer radius of circular sheet = 4 cm

Inner radius of circular sheet = 3 cm

Remaining area = 3.14 × 4 × 4 − 3.14 × 3 × 3

= 50.24 − 28.26

= 21.98 cm2

Question 6:

Saima wants to put a lace on the edge of a circular table cover of diameter 1.5 m. Find the length of the lace required and also find its cost if one meter of the lace costs Rs 15.( Takeπ = 3.14)

Circumference = 2πr

Cost of 1 m lace = Rs 15

Cost of 4.71 m lace = 4.71 × 15 = Rs 70.65

Question 7:

Find the perimeter of the adjoining figure, which is a semicircle including its diameter.

Radius = 5 cm

Length of curved part = πr

= 15.71 cm

Total perimeter = Length of curved part + Length of diameter

= 15.71 + 10 = 25.71 cm

Question 8:

Find the cost of polishing a circular table-top of diameter 1.6 m, if the rate of polishing is Rs 15/m2. (Take π = 3.14)

Diameter = 1.6 m

Radius = 0.8 m

Area = 3.14 × 0.8 × 0.8

= 2.0096 m2

Cost for polishing 1 m2 area = Rs 15

Cost for polishing 2.0096 m2 area = 15 × 2.0096 = 30.14

Therefore, it will cost Rs 30.14 for polishing such circular table.

Question 9:

Shazli took a wire of length 44 cm and bent it into the shape of a circle. Find the radius of that circle. Also find its area. If the same wire is bent into the shape of a square, what will be the length of each of its sides? Which figure encloses more area, the circle or the square? (Takeπ)

Circumference = 2πr = 44 cm

r = 7 cm

Area = πr2

If the wire is bent into a square, then the length of each side would be =

Area of square = (11)2 = 121 cm2

Therefore, circle encloses more area.

Question 10:

From a circular card sheet of radius 14 cm, two circles of radius 3.5 cm and a rectangle of length 3 cm and breadth 1 cm are removed (as shown in the following figure). Find the area of the remaining sheet. (Takeπ)

Area of bigger circle == 616 cm2

Area of 2 small circles = 2 × πr2 = 77 cm2

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth = 3 × 1 = 3 cm2

Remaining area of sheet = 616 − 77 − 3 = 536 cm2
​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 223 , Q.No.: 10)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 223 , Question 10

Question 11:

A circle of radius 2 cm is cut out from a square piece of an aluminium sheet of side 6 cm. What is the area of the left over aluminium sheet? (Take π = 3.14)

Area of square-shaped sheet = (Side)2 = (6)2 = 36 cm2

Area of circle = 3.14 × 2 × 2 = 12.56 cm2

Remaining area of sheet = 36 − 12.56 = 23.44 cm2

Question 12:

The circumference of a circle is 31.4 cm. Find the radius and the area of the circle? (Take π = 3.14)

Circumference = 2πr = 31.4 cm

2 × 3.14 × r = 31.4

r = 5 cm

Area = 3.14 × 5 × 5 = 78.50 cm2

Question 13:

A circular flower bed is surrounded by a path 4 m wide. The diameter of the flower bed is 66 m. What is the area of this path? (π = 3.14)

Radius of flower bed = 33 m

Radius of flower bed and path together = 33 + 4 = 37 m

Area of flower bed and path together = 3.14 × 37 × 37 = 4298.66 m2

Area of flower bed = 3.14 × 33 × 33 = 3419.46 m2

Area of path = Area of flower bed and path together − Area of flower bed

= 4298.66 − 3419.46 = 879.20 m2
​​​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 224 , Q.No.: 13)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 224 , Question 13

Question 14:

A circular flower garden has an area of 314 m2. A sprinkler at the centre of the garden can cover an area that has a radius of 12 m. Will the sprinkler water the entire garden? (Take π = 3.14)

Area = πr2 = 314 m2

3.14 × r2 = 314

r2 = 100

r = 10 m

Yes, the sprinkler will water the whole garden.

Question 15:

Find the circumference of the inner and the outer circles, shown in the adjoining figure? (Take π = 3.14)

Radius of outer circle = 19 m

Circumference = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 19 = 119.32 m

Radius of inner circle = 19 − 10 = 9 m

Circumference = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 9 = 56.52 m

Question 16:

How many times a wheel of radius 28 cm must rotate to go 352 m?

(Take π )

r = 28 cm

Circumference = 2πr = = 176 cm

Number of rotations =

Therefore, it will rotate 200 times.

Question 17:

The minute hand of a circular clock is 15 cm long. How far does the tip of the minute hand move in 1 hour. (Take π = 3.14)

Distance travelled by the tip of minute hand = Circumference of the clock

= 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 15

= 94.2 cm

Question 1:

A garden is 90 m long and 75 m broad. A path 5 m wide is to be built outside and around it. Find the area of the path. Also find the area of the garden in hectare.

Length (l) of garden = 90 m

Breadth (b) of garden = 75 m

Area of garden = l × b = 90 × 75 = 6750 m2

From the figure, it can be observed that the new length and breadth of the garden, when path is also included, are 100m and 85m respectively.

Area of the garden including the path = 100 × 85 = 8500 m2

Area of path = Area of the garden including the path − Area of garden

= 8500 − 6750 = 1750 m2

1 hectare = 10000 m2

Therefore, area of garden in hectare

Question 2:

A 3 m wide path runs outside and around a rectangular park of length 125 m and breadth 65 m. Find the area of the path.

Length (l) of park = 125 m

Breadth (b) of park = 65 m

Area of park = l × b = 125 × 65 = 8125 m2

From the figure, it can be observed that the new length and breadth of the park, when path is also included, are 131 m and 71 m respectively.

Area of the park including the path = 131 × 71 = 9301 m2

Area of path = Area of the park including the path − Area of park

= 9301 − 8125 = 1176 m2

Question 3:

A picture is painted on a cardboard 8 cm long and 5 cm wide such that there is a margin of 1.5 cm along each of its sides. Find the total area of the margin.

Length (l) of cardboard = 8 cm

Breadth (b) of cardboard = 5 cm

Area of cardboard including margin = l × b = 8 × 5 = 40 cm2

From the figure, it can be observed that the new length and breadth of the cardboard, when margin is not included, are 5 cm and 2 cm respectively.

Area of the cardboard not including the margin = 5 × 2 = 10 cm2

Area of the margin = Area of cardboard including the margin − Area of cardboard not

including the margin

= 40 − 10 = 30 cm2

Question 4:

A verandahof width 2.25 m is constructed all along outside a room which is 5.5 m long and 4 m wide. Find:

(i) the area of the verandah

(ii) the cost of cementing the floor of the verandah at the rate of Rs 200 per m2.

(i)

Length (l) of room = 5.5 m

Breadth (b) of room = 4 m

Area of room = l × b = 5.5 × 4 = 22 m2

From the figure, it can be observed that the new length and breadth of the room, when verandah is also included, are 10 m and 8.5 m respectively.

Area of the room including the verandah = 10 × 8.5 = 85 m2

Area of verandah = Area of the room including the verandah − Area of room

= 85 − 22 = 63 m2

(ii)

Cost of cementing 1 m2 area of the floor of the verandah = Rs 200

Cost of cementing 63 m2 area of the floor of the verandah = 200 × 63

= Rs 12600

Question 5:

A path 1 m wide is built along the border and inside a square garden of side 30 m. Find:

(i) the area of the path

(ii) the cost of planting grass in the remaining portion of the garden at the rate of Rs 40 per m2.

(i)

Side (a) of square garden = 30 m

Area of square garden including path = a2 = (30)2 = 900 m2

From the figure, it can be observed that the side of the square garden, when path is not included, is 28 m.

Area of the square garden not including the path = (28)2 = 784 m2

Area of path = Area of the square garden including the path − Area of square

garden not including the path

= 900 − 784 = 116 m2

(ii)

Cost of planting grass in 1 m2 area of the garden = Rs 40

Cost of planting grass in 784 m2 area of the garden = 784 × 40 = Rs 31360

Question 6:

Two cross roads, each of width 10 m, cut at right angles through the centre of a rectangular park of length 700 m and breadth 300 m and parallel to its sides. Find the area of the roads. Also find the area of the park excluding cross roads. Give the answer in hectares.

Length (l) of park = 700 m

Breadth (b) of park = 300 m

Area of park = 700 × 300 = 210000 m2

Length of road PQRS = 700 m

Length of road ABCD = 300 m

Width of each road = 10 m

Area of the roads = ar (PQRS) + ar (ABCD) − ar (KLMN)

= (700 × 10) + (300 × 10) − (10 × 10)

= 7000 + 3000 − 100

= 10000 − 100 = 9900 m2 = 0.99 hectare

Area of park excluding roads = 210000 − 9900 = 200100 m2 = 20.01 hectare

Question 7:

Through a rectangular field of length 90 m and breadth 60 m, two roads are constructed which are parallel to the sides and cut each other at right angles through the centre of the fields. If the width of each road is 3 m, find

(i) the area covered by the roads.

(ii)the cost of constructing the roads at the rate of Rs 110 per m2.

Length (l) of field = 90 m

Breadth (b) of field = 60 m

Area of field = 90 × 60 = 5400 m2

Length of road PQRS = 90 m

Length of road ABCD = 60 m

Width of each road = 3 m

Area of the roads = ar (PQRS) + ar (ABCD) − ar (KLMN)

= (90 × 3) + (60 × 3) − (3 × 3)

= 270 + 180 − 9 = 441 m2

Cost for constructing 1 m2 road = Rs 110

Cost for constructing 441 m2 road = 110 × 441 = Rs 48510
​​​​​​​​​​

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 227 , Q.No.: 7)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 227 , Question 7

Question 8:

Pragya wrapped a cord around a circular pipe of radius 4 cm (adjoining figure) and cut off the length required of the cord. Then she wrapped it around a square box of side 4 cm (also shown). Did she have any cord left? (π= 3.14).

Perimeter of the square = 4 × Side of the square = 4 × 4 = 16 cm

Perimeter of circular pipe = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 4 = 25.12 cm

Length of chord left with Pragya = 25.12 − 16 = 9.12 cm

Question 9:

The adjoining figure represents a rectangular lawn with a circular flower bed in the middle. Find:

(i) the area of the whole land

(ii) the area of the flower bed

(iii) the area of the lawn excluding the area of the flower bed

(iv) the circumference of the flower bed.

(i) Area of whole land = Length × Breadth = 10 × 5 = 50 m2

(ii) Area of flower bed = πr2 = 3.14 × 2 × 2 = 12.56 m2

(iii) Area of lawn excluding the flower bed = Area of whole land − Area of

flower bed

= 50 − 12.56 = 37.44 m2

(iv)Circumference of flower bed = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 2 = 12.56 m

Question 10:

In the following figures, find the area of the shaded portions:

(i)

Area of EFDC = ar (ABCD) − ar (BCE) − ar (AFE)

= (18 × 10) −(10 × 8) − (6 × 10)

= 180 − 40 − 30 = 110 cm2
​​​​​​​​​​​

(ii)

ar (QTU) = ar (PQRS) − ar (TSU) − ar (RUQ) − ar (PQT)

= (20 × 20) −(10 × 10) − (20 × 10) −(20 × 10)

= 400 − 50 − 100 − 100 = 150 cm2

Video Solution for perimeter and area (Page: 227 , Q.No.: 10)

NCERT Solution for Class 7 math - perimeter and area 227 , Question 10

Question 11:

Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.

Here, AC = 22 cm, BM = 3 cm,

DN = 3 cm, and

BM⊥AC, DN⊥AC