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Biomolecules

Classification of Carbohydrates and Glucose

  • Carbohydrates are called saccharides.
  • Most of the carbohydrates have the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
  • Classification

Classification of Monosaccharides

  • Monosaccharides are classified based on the number of carbon atoms and the functional group present in them.

  • Different types of monosaccharides are listed in the given table

Carbon atoms

General term

Aldehyde

Ketone

3

Triose

Aldotriose

Ketotriose

4

Tetrose

Aldotetrose

Ketotetrose

5

Pentose

Aldopentose

Ketopentose

6

Hexose

Aldohexose

Ketohexose

7

Heptose

Aldoheptose

Ketoheptose

Glucose

  • Preparation of glucose

  • By boiling sucrose with dilute HCl or H2SO4 in alcoholic solution

  • By boiling starch with dilute H2SO4, at 393 K, under pressure

  • Structure

  • Glucose has been assigned the above structure based on the following evidences:

(i) Molecular formula − C6H12O6

(ii) Suggestion of straight chain

(iii) Confirmation of carbonyl (> C = O) group

(iv) Confirmation of the presence of carbonyl group as aldehydic group

(v) Confirmation of the presence of fi…

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