Biomolecules
Classification of Carbohydrates and Glucose
- Carbohydrates are called saccharides.
- Most of the carbohydrates have the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
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Classification
Classification of Monosaccharides
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Monosaccharides are classified based on the number of carbon atoms and the functional group present in them.
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Different types of monosaccharides are listed in the given table
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Carbon atoms
General term
Aldehyde
Ketone
3
Triose
Aldotriose
Ketotriose
4
Tetrose
Aldotetrose
Ketotetrose
5
Pentose
Aldopentose
Ketopentose
6
Hexose
Aldohexose
Ketohexose
7
Heptose
Aldoheptose
Ketoheptose
Glucose
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Preparation of glucose
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By boiling sucrose with dilute HCl or H2SO4 in alcoholic solution
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By boiling starch with dilute H2SO4, at 393 K, under pressure
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Structure
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Glucose has been assigned the above structure based on the following evidences:
(i) Molecular formula − C6H12O6
(ii) Suggestion of straight chain
(iii) Confirmation of carbonyl (> C = O) group
(iv) Confirmation of the presence of carbonyl group as aldehydic group
(v) Confirmation of the presence of fi…
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