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Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices And Simple Circuits

Metals 
They have very low resistivity or high conductivity
Their Conduction band is partially filled and the valence band is partially empty or the conduction and valence band overlap.
Electrons from valence band can easily move into the conduction band
Semi-conductors
They have resistivity or conductivity intermediate to metals and insulators
There exists energy band gap  Eg (Eg < 3eV) between conduction band and the valence band.
At room temperature, some electrons from valence band cross the energy gap and enter the conduction band.
Insulators
They have high resistivity (or low conductivity)
Large band gap Eg exists. (Eg > 3 eV)
There are no electrons in the conduction band, no electrical conduction is possible.
The electron cannot be excited from the valence band to the conduction band by thermal excitation.
 

 

Intrinsic Semi-conductor

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