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Coordinate Geometry

  • Cartesian plane and the terms associated with it

To identify the position of an object or a point in a plane, we require two perpendicular lines: one of them is horizontal and the other is vertical.

 

Example:

Put an eraser on a book and then describe the position of the eraser.

Solution:

In order to identify the position of the eraser on the book, we take the adjacent edges as perpendicular lines. Take 1 unit = 1 cm along the vertical and horizontal lines.

Now, it is seen that the eraser is at a distance of 11 cm from the vertical line and 10 cm from the horizontal line.

Thus, conventionally, the position of the eraser can be written as (11, 10).

 

  • Cartesian system

A Cartesian system consists of two perpendicular lines: one of them is horizontal and the other is vertical. The horizontal line is called the x- axis and the vertical line is called the y -axis. The point of intersection of the two lines is called origin, and is denoted by O.

 

    • XOX' is called the x-axis; YOY' is called the y-axis; the point O is called the origin.
    • Positive numbers lie on the directions of OX and OY.
    • Negative numbe…

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