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Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Classification of alcohols and phenols:

  • Mono, di, tri or polyhydric –

 

 

  • On the basis of hybridisation –
  1.  – OH
    1. Primary, secondary and tertiary
    2. Allylic alcohols
  2.  
    1. Benzylic alcohols

 

 

                       

 

     2.  – OH

                  a. Vinylic alcohol

 

 

                        

                    b. Phenol

 

                     

 

Classification of ethers:

  • Simple or symmetrical –

C2H5OC2H5, C6H5OC6H5

  • Mixed or unsymmetrical –

C2H5OCH3, CH3OC6H5

 

Common names of some phenols:

 

  • Preparation of alcohols –
  1. From alkenes
  2. Acid catalysed hydration

 

[According to Markovnikov’s rule]

 

  1. Hydroboration – oxidation

 

 

  1. From carbonyl compounds
  2. By reduction of aldehydes and ketones.

Aldehydes give 1° and ketones give 2°alcohols.

 

  1. By reduction of carboxylic aciā€¦

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