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d and f Block Elements

Position in Periodic Table and Properties

Position in the Periodic Table

  • Their position is in between s- and p- block elements.

  • There are four rows of transition elements − 3d, 4d, 5d, and 6d. The fourth row of 6d is still incomplete.

Electronic Configuration

  • General outer electronic configuration is (n −1)d1−10 ns1−2.

  • But this generalization has several exceptions as there is very little difference in energy between (n − 1)d and ns orbitals. For example, Cr has electronic configuration 3d5 4s1 instead of 3d4 4s2. Cu has electronic configuration 3d10 4s1 instead of 3d9 4s2.

  • Outer electronic configurations of the transition elements in the ground state are listed in the following tables:

1st series

2nd series

Element

Atomic number

Outer electronic configuration

Element

Atomic number

Outer electronic configuration

Sc

21

3d14s2

Y

39

4d15s2

Ti

22

3d24s2

Zr

40

4d25s2

V

23

3d34s2

Nb

41

4d45s1

Cr

24

3d54s1

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