HC Verma i Solutions for Class Physics Chapter 4 The Forces are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for The Forces are extremely popular among class students for Physics The Forces Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the HC Verma i Book of class Physics Chapter 4 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s HC Verma i Solutions. All HC Verma i Solutions for class Physics are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.

Page No 61:

Question 1:

Answer:

The Earth is pulling the body with an action force mg. This force is exerted by the body on the table. In turn, the table exerts equal and opposite reaction force (-mg) on the body in the upwards direction which balances the weight of the body. 

Page No 61:

Question 2:

The Earth is pulling the body with an action force mg. This force is exerted by the body on the table. In turn, the table exerts equal and opposite reaction force (-mg) on the body in the upwards direction which balances the weight of the body. 

Answer:

The given situation involves two action-reaction pairs of forces. They are:

(a) The action force (F = mg) with which the boy pushes the chair in the downward direction and the reaction force (F' = -mg) with which the chair exerts on the boy in the upward direction.
(b) The action force (F = (M + m)g) with which the boy and the chair push the ground in the downward direction and the reaction force (F' = (M + m)g) with which the ground exerts on the boy and the chair in the upward direction.

Page No 61:

Question 3:

The given situation involves two action-reaction pairs of forces. They are:

(a) The action force (F = mg) with which the boy pushes the chair in the downward direction and the reaction force (F' = -mg) with which the chair exerts on the boy in the upward direction.
(b) The action force (F = (M + m)g) with which the boy and the chair push the ground in the downward direction and the reaction force (F' = (M + m)g) with which the ground exerts on the boy and the chair in the upward direction.

Answer:

The police may beat the lawyer's client until he issues a statement of confession. This force does not have any physical significance in physics. Hence, it is not a force of physics.

Page No 61:

Question 4:

The police may beat the lawyer's client until he issues a statement of confession. This force does not have any physical significance in physics. Hence, it is not a force of physics.

Answer:

When we hold a pen and write on our notebook, we are exerting electromagnetic force on the pen. The pen is also exerting the same force on the notebook. We are also exerting gravitational force on the notebook.

Page No 61:

Question 5:

When we hold a pen and write on our notebook, we are exerting electromagnetic force on the pen. The pen is also exerting the same force on the notebook. We are also exerting gravitational force on the notebook.

Answer:

Yes, it is true that the reaction of a gravitational force is always gravitational and that of an electromagnetic force is always electromagnetic and so on. For example, if the Earth exerts a gravitational action force on the Moon, then the Moon will also exert the same gravitational reaction force on it. Similarly, when a comb, just after being used, is brought near a piece of paper, it exerts an electromagnetic action force on the paper and the paper will also exert an electromagnetic reaction force on it.

Page No 61:

Question 6:

Yes, it is true that the reaction of a gravitational force is always gravitational and that of an electromagnetic force is always electromagnetic and so on. For example, if the Earth exerts a gravitational action force on the Moon, then the Moon will also exert the same gravitational reaction force on it. Similarly, when a comb, just after being used, is brought near a piece of paper, it exerts an electromagnetic action force on the paper and the paper will also exert an electromagnetic reaction force on it.

Answer:


First let us calculate the coulomb force between 2 protons for distance = 8 fm
F =K q2r2=9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(8×10-15)2=3.6 N
FN = 0.05 NFNFC = 0.053.6 = 0.0138 N
For x= 4 fm
FC = 9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(4×10-15)2=23.04×10-29(4×10-15)2=14.4 NFN= 1NFNFC = 114.4 = 0.0694 NFor x=2 fmFC=9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(2×10-15)2=57.6 NFN= 10 NFNFC = 1057.6 =0.173For x=1 fmFC = 9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(1×10-15)2=230.4 NFN = 1000 NFNFC = 1000230.4 = 4.34

Page No 61:

Question 7:


First let us calculate the coulomb force between 2 protons for distance = 8 fm
F =K q2r2=9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(8×10-15)2=3.6 N
FN = 0.05 NFNFC = 0.053.6 = 0.0138 N
For x= 4 fm
FC = 9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(4×10-15)2=23.04×10-29(4×10-15)2=14.4 NFN= 1NFNFC = 114.4 = 0.0694 NFor x=2 fmFC=9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(2×10-15)2=57.6 NFN= 10 NFNFC = 1057.6 =0.173For x=1 fmFC = 9×109×(1.6×10-19)2(1×10-15)2=230.4 NFN = 1000 NFNFC = 1000230.4 = 4.34

Answer:

Forces acting on block B:

  • A pair of electromagnetic forces between the blocks A and B.
  • A pair of electromagnetic forces between the blocks B and the Earth.
  • A pair of gravitational forces between the blocks B and the Earth.
  • A pair of gravitational forces between the blocks A and B.
  • A pair of action-reaction forces between the man and block A.
  • Weight of the man, block A and block B as action forces on the ground in the downward direction.
  • Reaction of the ground on the man, block A and block B in the upward direction to balance their weights.

Page No 61:

Question 8:

Forces acting on block B:

  • A pair of electromagnetic forces between the blocks A and B.
  • A pair of electromagnetic forces between the blocks B and the Earth.
  • A pair of gravitational forces between the blocks B and the Earth.
  • A pair of gravitational forces between the blocks A and B.
  • A pair of action-reaction forces between the man and block A.
  • Weight of the man, block A and block B as action forces on the ground in the downward direction.
  • Reaction of the ground on the man, block A and block B in the upward direction to balance their weights.

Answer:

Forces acting on the pulley A:

  1. A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the string and pulley A.
  2. A pair of gravitational force between the Earth and pulley.

Forces acting on the boy:
  1. A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the string and the boy.
  2. A pair of gravitational force between the Earth and the boy.

Forces acting on the block C:
  1. A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the string and block C.
  2. A pair gravitational force between block C and the Earth.

Page No 61:

Question 9:

Forces acting on the pulley A:

  1. A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the string and pulley A.
  2. A pair of gravitational force between the Earth and pulley.

Forces acting on the boy:
  1. A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the string and the boy.
  2. A pair of gravitational force between the Earth and the boy.

Forces acting on the block C:
  1. A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the string and block C.
  2. A pair gravitational force between block C and the Earth.

Answer:

List of forces:

(a) A pair of gravitational force between the wagon and the Earth.
(b) A frictional force exerted by the road on the wagon.
(c) A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the wagon and string.
(d) A pair of gravitational force between the man and the Earth.
(e) A frictional force exerted by the road on the man.
(f) A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the man and string.

Here, (a), (c), (d) and (f) are pairs of forces associated with Newton's third law of motion.

Page No 61:

Question 10:

List of forces:

(a) A pair of gravitational force between the wagon and the Earth.
(b) A frictional force exerted by the road on the wagon.
(c) A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the wagon and string.
(d) A pair of gravitational force between the man and the Earth.
(e) A frictional force exerted by the road on the man.
(f) A tension exerts electromagnetic force between the man and string.

Here, (a), (c), (d) and (f) are pairs of forces associated with Newton's third law of motion.

Answer:

 

Force on Force by Nature of the force Direction
Cart


 
1. Horse
2. Road
3. Earth

1. Action force
2. Electromagnetic force exerts frictional force.
3. Gravitational Force
1. Forward
2. Forward
3. Downward
Horse


 
1. Cart
2. Road
3. Road
3. Earth

1. Reaction Force
2. Electromagnetic force exerts frictional force
3. Reaction force
4. Gravitational force
1. Backward
2. Forward
3. Forward
4. Downward
Driver


 
1. Cart
2. Rope
3. Earth

1. Electromagnetic force
2. Tension exerts electromagnetic force
3. Gravitational force
1. Backward
2. Forward
3. Downward



Page No 62:

Question 1:

 

Force on Force by Nature of the force Direction
Cart


 
1. Horse
2. Road
3. Earth

1. Action force
2. Electromagnetic force exerts frictional force.
3. Gravitational Force
1. Forward
2. Forward
3. Downward
Horse


 
1. Cart
2. Road
3. Road
3. Earth

1. Reaction Force
2. Electromagnetic force exerts frictional force
3. Reaction force
4. Gravitational force
1. Backward
2. Forward
3. Forward
4. Downward
Driver


 
1. Cart
2. Rope
3. Earth

1. Electromagnetic force
2. Tension exerts electromagnetic force
3. Gravitational force
1. Backward
2. Forward
3. Downward

Answer:

(b) Electromagnetic

When Neils Bohr shook hand with Werner Heisenberg, electromagnetic force is exerted on each other. This is because when their hands made contact with each other, the atoms at the two surfaces come close to each other. The charged constituents of the atoms in the hands exert forces on each other and, as a result, a measurable force is produced.

Page No 62:

Question 2:

(b) Electromagnetic

When Neils Bohr shook hand with Werner Heisenberg, electromagnetic force is exerted on each other. This is because when their hands made contact with each other, the atoms at the two surfaces come close to each other. The charged constituents of the atoms in the hands exert forces on each other and, as a result, a measurable force is produced.

Answer:

(d) E>G>N

Between two electrons at a given separation, the strongest acting force is the electromagnetic force. The gravitational force is the weakest force between any two particles. There is no nuclear force acting between them, because it exists only in the nucleus (between proton-proton or neutron-neutron or both).

Page No 62:

Question 3:

(d) E>G>N

Between two electrons at a given separation, the strongest acting force is the electromagnetic force. The gravitational force is the weakest force between any two particles. There is no nuclear force acting between them, because it exists only in the nucleus (between proton-proton or neutron-neutron or both).

Answer:

(d) irrespective of the signs of the charges.

The sum of all electromagnetic forces between different particles of a system of charged particles is zero irrespective of the sign of the charges, because electromagnetic force is a vector quantity that depends upon the direction. So, we consider the directions while adding vector quantities.

Page No 62:

Question 4:

(d) irrespective of the signs of the charges.

The sum of all electromagnetic forces between different particles of a system of charged particles is zero irrespective of the sign of the charges, because electromagnetic force is a vector quantity that depends upon the direction. So, we consider the directions while adding vector quantities.

Answer:

(c) 60 N

According to Newton's third law, which states that an action-reaction pair of forces are equal in magnitude, the man who weighs 40 kg will push the other man with the same force of 60 N.

Page No 62:

Question 1:

(c) 60 N

According to Newton's third law, which states that an action-reaction pair of forces are equal in magnitude, the man who weighs 40 kg will push the other man with the same force of 60 N.

Answer:

(a) gravitational
(c) nuclear

A neutron exerts both the gravitational and nuclear forces on a proton.
The gravitational force can be seen between a neutron and a proton. However, its strength is negligible. The nuclear force is exerted only if the interacting particles are neutrons or protons or both. A neutron cannot exert electromagnetic force, because it is a neutral particle.

Page No 62:

Question 2:

(a) gravitational
(c) nuclear

A neutron exerts both the gravitational and nuclear forces on a proton.
The gravitational force can be seen between a neutron and a proton. However, its strength is negligible. The nuclear force is exerted only if the interacting particles are neutrons or protons or both. A neutron cannot exert electromagnetic force, because it is a neutral particle.

Answer:

(a) gravitational
(b) electromagnetic
(c) nuclear

A proton exerts gravitational, electromagnetic and nuclear forces on a proton.
The gravitational force can easily be seen everywhere; it the weakest among all the forces. It is negligible in elementary particles like protons.
The electromagnetic force can be seen between charged particles. Since proton is a charged particle, it can exert this force on other protons.
The nuclear force is present only if the interacting particles are protons or neutrons or both. So, this force can exist between two protons.

Page No 62:

Question 3:

(a) gravitational
(b) electromagnetic
(c) nuclear

A proton exerts gravitational, electromagnetic and nuclear forces on a proton.
The gravitational force can easily be seen everywhere; it the weakest among all the forces. It is negligible in elementary particles like protons.
The electromagnetic force can be seen between charged particles. Since proton is a charged particle, it can exert this force on other protons.
The nuclear force is present only if the interacting particles are protons or neutrons or both. So, this force can exist between two protons.

Answer:

(b) The electromagnetic force between two protons is always greater than the gravitational force between them.
(c) The gravitational force between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force between them.
(d) Electromagnetic force between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force acting between them.

The electromagnetic force between two protons is always greater than the gravitational force between them, because gravitational force is the weakest force in nature.
We know that nuclear force is the strongest force in nature when the distance between two particles is less than 10-14 m. However, the gravitational as well as electromagnetic forces between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force acting between them when the distance between them is more than 10-14 m.

Page No 62:

Question 4:

(b) The electromagnetic force between two protons is always greater than the gravitational force between them.
(c) The gravitational force between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force between them.
(d) Electromagnetic force between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force acting between them.

The electromagnetic force between two protons is always greater than the gravitational force between them, because gravitational force is the weakest force in nature.
We know that nuclear force is the strongest force in nature when the distance between two particles is less than 10-14 m. However, the gravitational as well as electromagnetic forces between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force acting between them when the distance between them is more than 10-14 m.

Answer:

(a) there would be no force of friction
(b) there would be no tension in the string
(c) it would not be possible to sit on a chair

For the existence of friction between two bodies and tension in a string, electromagnetic force is needed. Electromagnetic force exists only between charged particles. For sitting on a chair, we need fractional force. A neutral particle can exert gravitational force on other neutral particles. So, even if all the matters were made up of electrically neutral particles, the earth will still move around the sun.

Page No 62:

Question 5:

(a) there would be no force of friction
(b) there would be no tension in the string
(c) it would not be possible to sit on a chair

For the existence of friction between two bodies and tension in a string, electromagnetic force is needed. Electromagnetic force exists only between charged particles. For sitting on a chair, we need fractional force. A neutral particle can exert gravitational force on other neutral particles. So, even if all the matters were made up of electrically neutral particles, the earth will still move around the sun.

Answer:

(a) motion of a cricket ball
(b) motion of a dust particle

Classical physics adequately describes the motion of a ball and the motion of dust particles. It also describes Newton's law of motion, Newton's law of gravitation, Laws of thermodynamics, Maxwell's electromagnetism and Lorentz force. Classical physics easily describes the system of heavenly bodies like the Sun, the Earth and the Moon. However, it is inadequate for describing systems of particles which have sizes much smaller than 10-6 m (e.g., atom, nuclei and other elementary particles).

Page No 62:

Question 6:

(a) motion of a cricket ball
(b) motion of a dust particle

Classical physics adequately describes the motion of a ball and the motion of dust particles. It also describes Newton's law of motion, Newton's law of gravitation, Laws of thermodynamics, Maxwell's electromagnetism and Lorentz force. Classical physics easily describes the system of heavenly bodies like the Sun, the Earth and the Moon. However, it is inadequate for describing systems of particles which have sizes much smaller than 10-6 m (e.g., atom, nuclei and other elementary particles).

Answer:

(a) the right end is displaced towards right and the left end towards left
(d) the right end is displaced towards left and the left end towards right.

When the right end is displaced towards the right and the left end towards the left, then this is the case of tension (expansion) and the spring will have maximum displacement.

When the right end is displaced towards the left and the left end towards the right, then this is the case of compression and ,again, the spring will have maximum displacement.

Page No 62:

Question 7:

(a) the right end is displaced towards right and the left end towards left
(d) the right end is displaced towards left and the left end towards right.

When the right end is displaced towards the right and the left end towards the left, then this is the case of tension (expansion) and the spring will have maximum displacement.

When the right end is displaced towards the left and the left end towards the right, then this is the case of compression and ,again, the spring will have maximum displacement.

Answer:

(a) act on two different objects
(b) have equal magnitude
(c) have opposite directions
(d) have resultant zero.

The two forces F and -F connected by Newton's third law are known as action-reaction pair.
For example, when a man jumps out from a ferry, he applied some force on the ferry. So, the action force in this case is the force applied by the man and the reaction is the force exerted by the ferry on the man. Both the forces act upon different objects (the man and the ferry) but have equal magnitudes and opposite directions. As a result, their resultant is zero.



Page No 63:

Question 1:

(a) act on two different objects
(b) have equal magnitude
(c) have opposite directions
(d) have resultant zero.

The two forces F and -F connected by Newton's third law are known as action-reaction pair.
For example, when a man jumps out from a ferry, he applied some force on the ferry. So, the action force in this case is the force applied by the man and the reaction is the force exerted by the ferry on the man. Both the forces act upon different objects (the man and the ferry) but have equal magnitudes and opposite directions. As a result, their resultant is zero.

Answer:

Mass of the particle, m = 1 gm=11000 kg
Let the distance between the two particles be r.
Gravitational force between the particle, F = 6.67 × 10−17 N
Also, F=Gm1m2r2
Substituting the respective values in the above formula, we get:
6.67×10-17=6.67×10-11×1/1000×1/1000r2r2=6.67×10-6×10-116.67×10-17       =10-1710-17=1r=1=1 m
∴ The separation between the particles is 1 m.

Page No 63:

Question 2:

Mass of the particle, m = 1 gm=11000 kg
Let the distance between the two particles be r.
Gravitational force between the particle, F = 6.67 × 10−17 N
Also, F=Gm1m2r2
Substituting the respective values in the above formula, we get:
6.67×10-17=6.67×10-11×1/1000×1/1000r2r2=6.67×10-6×10-116.67×10-17       =10-1710-17=1r=1=1 m
∴ The separation between the particles is 1 m.

Answer:

Consider that a man is standing on the surface of the Earth.
Force acting on the man = mg
Here, m = mass of the man and g = acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth (=10 m/s2)

Assume that the mass of the man is equal to 65 kg.
Then F = W = mg = 65 × 10 = 650 N = force acting on the man
∴ By Newton's third law (action-reaction are always equal), the man is also attracting the earth with a force of 650 N in the opposite direction.

Page No 63:

Question 3:

Consider that a man is standing on the surface of the Earth.
Force acting on the man = mg
Here, m = mass of the man and g = acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth (=10 m/s2)

Assume that the mass of the man is equal to 65 kg.
Then F = W = mg = 65 × 10 = 650 N = force acting on the man
∴ By Newton's third law (action-reaction are always equal), the man is also attracting the earth with a force of 650 N in the opposite direction.

Answer:

Given: q1=q2=1 C

By Coulomb's law, the force of attraction between the two charges is given by
F=14π0q1q2r2=9×109×1×1r2
However, the force of attraction is equal to the weight (F = mg).
mg=9×109r2r2=9×109m×10=9×108m               (Taking g=10 m/s2)r2=9×108mr=3×104m

Assuming that m = 81 kg, we have:
r=3×10481 =39×104 m =3333.3 m

∴ The distance r is 3333.3 m.

Page No 63:

Question 4:

Given: q1=q2=1 C

By Coulomb's law, the force of attraction between the two charges is given by
F=14π0q1q2r2=9×109×1×1r2
However, the force of attraction is equal to the weight (F = mg).
mg=9×109r2r2=9×109m×10=9×108m               (Taking g=10 m/s2)r2=9×108mr=3×104m

Assuming that m = 81 kg, we have:
r=3×10481 =39×104 m =3333.3 m

∴ The distance r is 3333.3 m.

Answer:

Mass = 50 kg
Separation between the masses, r = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Let the change on each sphere be q.
Now, gravitational force, FG=Gm1m2r2
                                          =67×10-11×5020.22=67×10-11×25000.04

Coulomb force, Fc=14π0q1q2r2                             =9×109q20.04
Since FG = Fc, we have:

6.7×10-11×25000.04=9×109×q20.04q2=6.7×10-11×25009×109        =9×1090.04=1809×10-18 q=18.09×10-18  =4.3×10-9 C

Thus, the charge of the spherical body is 4.3×10-9 C.

Page No 63:

Question 5:

Mass = 50 kg
Separation between the masses, r = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Let the change on each sphere be q.
Now, gravitational force, FG=Gm1m2r2
                                          =67×10-11×5020.22=67×10-11×25000.04

Coulomb force, Fc=14π0q1q2r2                             =9×109q20.04
Since FG = Fc, we have:

6.7×10-11×25000.04=9×109×q20.04q2=6.7×10-11×25009×109        =9×1090.04=1809×10-18 q=18.09×10-18  =4.3×10-9 C

Thus, the charge of the spherical body is 4.3×10-9 C.

Answer:

Given: The limb of the tree exerts a normal force of 48 N and a frictional force of 20 N.



So, resultant magnitude of the force if given by
R=482+202  =2304+400  =2704=52 N

∴ The magnitude of the total force exerted by the limb on the monkey is 52 N.

Page No 63:

Question 6:

Given: The limb of the tree exerts a normal force of 48 N and a frictional force of 20 N.



So, resultant magnitude of the force if given by
R=482+202  =2304+400  =2704=52 N

∴ The magnitude of the total force exerted by the limb on the monkey is 52 N.

Answer:

Force exerted by the body builder against the bullworker = 150 N
Compression in the bullworker, x = 20 cm = 0.2 m

∴ Total force exerted, f = kx = 150
Here, k is the spring constant of the spring in the bullworker.

k=1500.2=15002=750 N/m

Hence, the spring constant of the spring in the bullworker is 750 N/m.

Page No 63:

Question 7:

Force exerted by the body builder against the bullworker = 150 N
Compression in the bullworker, x = 20 cm = 0.2 m

∴ Total force exerted, f = kx = 150
Here, k is the spring constant of the spring in the bullworker.

k=1500.2=15002=750 N/m

Hence, the spring constant of the spring in the bullworker is 750 N/m.

Answer:

Let h be the height, M be the Earth's mass, R be the Earth's radius and m be the satellite's mass
.
Force on the satellite due to the earth when it is at the Earth's surface, F1=GMmR2

Force on the satellite due to the earth when it is at height h above the Earth's surface, F2=GMmR+h2

According to question, we have:
F1F2=R+h2R22=R+h2R2Taking squareroot on both sides, we get:2=1+hRh=2-1R       =0.414×6400=2649.6 km2650 km

Page No 63:

Question 8:

Let h be the height, M be the Earth's mass, R be the Earth's radius and m be the satellite's mass
.
Force on the satellite due to the earth when it is at the Earth's surface, F1=GMmR2

Force on the satellite due to the earth when it is at height h above the Earth's surface, F2=GMmR+h2

According to question, we have:
F1F2=R+h2R22=R+h2R2Taking squareroot on both sides, we get:2=1+hRh=2-1R       =0.414×6400=2649.6 km2650 km

Answer:

Two charged particles placed at a separation of 20 cm exert 20 N of Coulomb force on each other.
So, F1=14π0·q2r12
Also, F2=14π0·q2r22
According to the question, we have:
F2F1=r12r22       =20×2025×25=1625F2=1625×F1
F2=1625×20 F2=12.8 N 13.0 N

Therefore, the two charged particles will exert a force of 13.0 N on each other, if the separation is increased to 25 cm.

Page No 63:

Question 9:

Two charged particles placed at a separation of 20 cm exert 20 N of Coulomb force on each other.
So, F1=14π0·q2r12
Also, F2=14π0·q2r22
According to the question, we have:
F2F1=r12r22       =20×2025×25=1625F2=1625×F1
F2=1625×20 F2=12.8 N 13.0 N

Therefore, the two charged particles will exert a force of 13.0 N on each other, if the separation is increased to 25 cm.

Answer:

The force between the Earth and the Moon is given by F=GMmr2.
Here, M is the mass of the earth; m is the mass of the moon and r is the distance between Earth and Moon.

On substituting the values, we get:
F=6.67×10-11×7.36×1022×6×10243.8×3.8×1016

=6.67×7.36×1035(3.8)2×1016=20.3×1019=2.03×10202.0×1020 N

∴ The weight of the moon is 2.0×1020 N.

Page No 63:

Question 10:

The force between the Earth and the Moon is given by F=GMmr2.
Here, M is the mass of the earth; m is the mass of the moon and r is the distance between Earth and Moon.

On substituting the values, we get:
F=6.67×10-11×7.36×1022×6×10243.8×3.8×1016

=6.67×7.36×1035(3.8)2×1016=20.3×1019=2.03×10202.0×1020 N

∴ The weight of the moon is 2.0×1020 N.

Answer:

Charge of the proton, q = 1.6×10-19 C
Mass of the proton = 1.67×10-27 kg
Let the distance between two protons be r.
Coulomb force (electric force) between the protons is given by
fe=14π0×q2r2=9×109×(1.6)2×10-38r2
Gravitational force between the protons is given by
fg=Gm2r2    =6.67×10-11×(1.67×10-27)2r2

On dividing fe by fg, we get:
fefg=14π0×q2r2×r2Gm2          =9×109×1.6×1.6×10-386.67×10-11×1.67×1.67×10-54          =9×(1.6)2×10-296.67×(1.67)2×10-65          =1.24×1036

Page No 63:

Question 11:

Charge of the proton, q = 1.6×10-19 C
Mass of the proton = 1.67×10-27 kg
Let the distance between two protons be r.
Coulomb force (electric force) between the protons is given by
fe=14π0×q2r2=9×109×(1.6)2×10-38r2
Gravitational force between the protons is given by
fg=Gm2r2    =6.67×10-11×(1.67×10-27)2r2

On dividing fe by fg, we get:
fefg=14π0×q2r2×r2Gm2          =9×109×1.6×1.6×10-386.67×10-11×1.67×1.67×10-54          =9×(1.6)2×10-296.67×(1.67)2×10-65          =1.24×1036

Answer:

Average separation between the proton and the electron of a Hydrogen atom in ground state, r = 5.3 × 10−11 m

(a) Coulomb force when the proton and the electron in a hydrogen atom in ground state
F=9×109×q1q2r2   =9×109×1.6×10-1925.3×10-112=8.2×10-8 N

(b) Coulomb force when the average distance between the proton and the electron becomes 4 times that of its ground state
Coulomb force, F=14π0=q1q24r2  =9×109×1.6×10-19216×5.32×10-22  =9×1.6210×5.32×10-7  =0.0512×10-7  =5.1×10-9 N

Page No 63:

Question 12:

Average separation between the proton and the electron of a Hydrogen atom in ground state, r = 5.3 × 10−11 m

(a) Coulomb force when the proton and the electron in a hydrogen atom in ground state
F=9×109×q1q2r2   =9×109×1.6×10-1925.3×10-112=8.2×10-8 N

(b) Coulomb force when the average distance between the proton and the electron becomes 4 times that of its ground state
Coulomb force, F=14π0=q1q24r2  =9×109×1.6×10-19216×5.32×10-22  =9×1.6210×5.32×10-7  =0.0512×10-7  =5.1×10-9 N

Answer:

The geostationary orbit of the Earth is at a distance of about 36000 km.
We know that the value acceleration due to gravity above the surface of the Earth is given by g'=GmR+h2.
At h = 36000 km, we have:
g'=Gm36000+64002
At the surface, we have:
g=Gm64002g'g=6400×640042400×42400          =256106×106=0.0228g'=0.0227×9.8=0.223             Taking g=9.8 m/s2 at the surface of the earth

For a 120 kg equipment placed in a geostationary satellite, its weight will be
mg' = 120 × 0.233
26.76 ≈ 27 N



View NCERT Solutions for all chapters of Class 11