Electricity and Energy

• Electric potential: The Electric potential of a point in an electric field is defined as the work to be done to move a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
• Potential difference: The potential difference between two separate points is defined as the work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to another.

       

 

• The bulb will glow or the magnetic needle will show deflection if the liquid in the beaker is a good conductor of electricity.
• Greater the deflection of needle or brighter the light, better is the conductivity of the liquid.

Good conductor	Poor conductor
Lemon Juice	Coal tar
Vinegar	Distilled water
Acid solutions	Honey
Basic solutions	Vegetable oil
Salty water	Kerosene

 

• Conducting liquids are also called electrolytes.
• The electric current passing through a conducting liquid (electrolyte) causes chemical reactions (electrolysis).

1. Symbols of Electric components

Electric component	Symbol
Electric cell
Electric bulb
Battery
Wire
Switch in ON position
Switch in OFF position
Ammeter
Galvanometer
Voltmeter

2. Combination…