RD Sharma Solutions for Class 10 Math Chapter 3 Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables are extremely popular among class 10 students for Math Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the RD Sharma Book of class 10 Math Chapter 3 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s RD Sharma Solutions. All RD Sharma Solutions for class 10 Math are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.
Page No 3.106:
Question 1:
If in a rectangle, the length is increased and breadth reduced each by 2 units, the area is reduced by 28 square units. If, however the length is reduced by 1 unit and the breadth increased by 2 units, the area increases by 33 square units. Find the area of the rectangle.
Answer:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be and units respectively
Then, area of rectangle square units
If length is increased and breadth reduced each by units, then the area is reduced by square units
Therefore,
Then the length is reduced by unit and breadth is increased by units then the area is increased by square units
Therefore,
Thus we get the following system of linear equation
By using cross multiplication, we have
and
The length of rectangle is units.
The breadth of rectangle is units.
Area of rectangle =lengthbreadth,
square units
Hence, the area of rectangle is square units
Page No 3.106:
Question 2:
The area of a rectangle remains the same if the length is increased by 7 meters and the breadth is decreased by 3 meters. The area remains unaffected if the length is decreased by 7 meters and breadth in increased by 5 meters. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Answer:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be and units respectively
Then, area of rectangle =square units
If length is increased by meters and breadth is decreased by meters when the area of a rectangle remains the same
Therefore,
If the length is decreased by meters and breadth is increased by meters when the area remains unaffected, then
Thus we get the following system of linear equation
By using cross-multiplication, we have
and
Hence, the length of rectangle ismeters
The breadth of rectangle is meters
Page No 3.106:
Question 3:
In a rectangle, if the length is increased by 3 meters and breadth is decreased by 4 meters, the area of the rectangle is reduced by 67 square meters. If length is reduced by 1 meter and breadth is increased by 4 meters, the area is increased by 89 Sq. meters. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Answer:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be and units respectively
Then, area of rectangle = square units
If the length is increased by meters and breath is reduced each by square meters the area is reduced by square units
Therefore,
Then the length is reduced by meter and breadth is increased by meter then the area is increased by square units
Therefore,
Thus, we get the following system of linear equation
By using cross multiplication we have
and
Hence, the length of rectangle ismeter,
The breath of rectangle is meter.
Page No 3.106:
Question 4:
The incomes of X and Y are in the ratio of 8 : 7 and their expenditures are in the ratio 19 : 16. If each saves Rs 1250, find their incomes.
Answer:
Let the income of be Rs and the income of be Rs.further let the expenditure of be and the expenditure of be respectively then,
Saving of =
Saving of =
Solving equation and by cross- multiplication, we have
The monthly income of =
The monthly income of
Hence the monthly income of is Rs
The monthly income of is Rs
Page No 3.106:
Question 5:
A and B each has some money. If A gives Rs 30 to B, then B will have twice the money left with A. But, if B gives Rs 10 to A, then A will have thrice as much as is left with B. How much money does each have?
Answer:
Let the money with A be Rs x and the money with B be Rs y.
If A gives Rs 30 to B, Then B will have twice the money left with A, According to the condition we have,
If B gives Rs 10 to A, then A will have thrice as much as is left with B,
By multiplying equation with 2 we get,
By subtracting from we get,
By substituting in equation we get
Hence the money with A be and the money with B be
Page No 3.106:
Question 6:
There are two examination rooms A and B. If 10 candidates are sent from A to B, the number of students in each room is same. If 20 candidates are sent from B to A, the number of students in A is double the number of students in B. Find the number of students in each room.
Answer:
Let us take the A examination room will be x and the B examination room will be y
If 10 candidates are sent from A to B, the number of students in each room is same. According to the above condition equation will be
If 20 candidates are sent from B to A, the number of students in A is double the number of students in B, then equation will be,
By subtracting the equationfromwe get,
Substituting in equation, we get
Hence candidates are in A examination Room,
candidates are in B examination Room.
Page No 3.107:
Question 7:
2 men and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. The same work is done in 3 days by 4 men and 4 boys. How long would it take one man and one boy to do it?
Answer:
A man can alone finish the work in days and one boy alone can finish it in days then
One mans one days work =
One boys one days work=
2men one day work=
7boys one day work=
Since 2 men and 7 boys can finish the work in 4 days
Again 4 men and 4 boys can finish the work in 3 days
Putting and in equation and we get
By using cross multiplication we have
Now,
and
Hence, one man alone can finish the work in and one boy alone can finish the work in .
Page No 3.107:
Question 8:
In a âABC, ∠A = x°, ∠B = (3x − 2)°, ∠C = y°. Also, ∠C − ∠B = 9°. Find the three angles.
Answer:
Let , and
Substitute in above equation we get ,
Page No 3.107:
Question 9:
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A = (2x + 4)°, ∠B = (y + 3)°, ∠C = (2y + 10)°, ∠D = (4x − 5)°. Find the four angles.
Answer:
We know that the sum of the opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral is .in the cyclic quadrilateral, angles and and angles and pairs of opposite angles
Therefore and
Taking
By substituting and we get
Taking
By substituting and we get
By multiplying equation by we get
By subtracting equation from we get
By substituting in equation we get
The angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
Hence, the angles of cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are .
Page No 3.107:
Question 10:
A railway half ticket costs half the full fare and the reservation charge is the same on half ticket as on full ticket. One reserved first class ticket from Mumbai to Ahmedabad costs Rs 216 and one full and one half reserved first class tickets cost Rs 327. What is the basic first class full fare and what is the reservation charge?
Answer:
Let take first class full of fare is Rs and reservation charge is Rs per ticket
Then half of the ticket as on full ticket =
According to the given condition we have
Multiplying equation by 2 we have
Subtracting from we get
Putting in equation we get
Hence, the basic first class full fare is
The reservation charge is .
Page No 3.107:
Question 11:
In a âABC, ∠A = x°, ∠B = 3x° and ∠C = y°. If 3y − 5x = 30, prove that the triangle is right angled.
Answer:
We have to prove that the triangle is right
Given and
Sum of three angles in triangle are
By solving with we get,
Multiplying equation by 3 we get
Subtracting equation from
Substituting in equation we get
Angles and are
A right angled triangle is a triangle in which one side should has a right angle that is in it.
Hence, The triangle ABC is right angled
Page No 3.107:
Question 12:
The car hire charges in a city comprise of a fixed charges together with the charge for the distance covered. For a journey of 12 km, the charge paid is Rs 89 and the journey of 20 km, the charge paid is Rs 145. What will a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 30 km?
Answer:
Let the fixed charges of car be per km and the running charges be km/hr
According to the given condition we have
Putting in equation we get
Therefore, Total charges for travelling distance of km
= Rs
Hence, A person have to pay for travelling a distance of km.
Page No 3.107:
Question 13:
A part of monthly hostel charges in a college are fixed and the remaining depend on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes foods for 20 days, he has to pay Rs 1000 as hostel charges whereas a students B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs 1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charge and the cost of food per day.
Answer:
Let the fixed charges of hostel be and the cost of food charges be per day
According to the given condition we have,
Subtracting equation from equation we get
Putting in equation we get
Hence, the fixed charges of hostel is .
The cost of food per day is .
Page No 3.107:
Question 14:
Half the perimeter of a garden, whose length is 4 more than its width is 36 m. Find the dimension of the garden.
Answer:
Let perimeter of rectangular garden will be .if half the perimeter of a garden will be
When the length is four more than its width then
Substituting in equation we get
Putting in equation we get
Hence, the dimensions of rectangular garden are and
Page No 3.107:
Question 15:
The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them.
Answer:
We know that the sum of supplementary angles will be.
Let the longer supplementary angles will be.
Then,
If larger of supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by degree, According to the given condition. We have,
Substitute in equation, we get,
Put equation, we get,
Hence, the larger supplementary angle is ,
The smaller supplementary angle is.
Page No 3.107:
Question 16:
2 women and 5 men can together finish a piece of embroidery in 4 days, while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the embroidery, and that taken by 1 man alone.
Answer:
1 women alone can finish the work in days and 1 man alone can finish it in days .then
One woman one day work=
One man one days work =
2 women’s one days work=
5 man’s one days work =
Since 2 women and 5 men can finish the work in 4 days
3 women and 6 men can finish the work in 3 days
Putting and in equation and we get
By using cross multiplication we have
Now ,
Hence, the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the embroidery is,
The time taken by 1 man alone to finish the embroidery is .
Page No 3.107:
Question 17:
A wizard having powers of mystic in candations and magical medicines seeing a cock, fight going on, spoke privately to both the owners of cocks. To one he said; if your bird wins, than you give me your stake-money, but if you do not win, I shall give you two third of that'. Going to the other, he promised in the same way to give three fourths. From both of them his gain would be only 12 gold coins. Find the the stake of money each of the cock-owners have.
Answer:
Let the strike money of first cock-owner be and of second cock-owner be respectively. Then we have,
For second cock-owner according to given condition we have,
By subtracting from, we have,
Putting in equation we get,
Hence the stake of money first cock-owner is and of second cock-owner is respectively.
Page No 3.107:
Question 18:
Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs 50 and Rs 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes Rs 50 and Rs 100 she received.
Answer:
Let be the notes of and notes will be
If Meena ask for and notes only, then the equation will be,
Divide both sides by then we get,
If Meena got 25 notes in all then the equation will be,
By subtracting the equation from we get,
Substituting in equation, we get
Therefore and
Hence, Meena has notes of and notes of
Page No 3.107:
Question 19:
Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awanded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, the Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many question were there in the test?
Answer:
Let take right answer will beand wrong answer will be .
Hence total number of questions will be
If yash scored marks in atleast getting marks for each right answer and losing mark for each wrong answer then
If 4 marks awarded for each right answer and 2 marks deduced for each wrong answer the he scored 50 marks
By multiplying equation by 2 we get
By subtracting from we get
Putting in equation we have
Total number question will be
Hence, the total number of question is .
Page No 3.107:
Question 20:
The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are extra in a row, there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row there would be 2 rows more. Find the number of student in the class.
Answer:
Let the number of students be and the number of row be .then,
Number of students in each row
Where three students is extra in each row, there are one row less that is when each row has students the number of rows is
Total number of students =no. of rowsno. of students in each row
If three students are less in each row then there are rows more that is when each row has
Therefore, total number of students=Number of rowsNumber of students in each row
Putting in and equation we get
Adding and equation we get
Putting in equation we get
Hence, the number of students in the class is.
Page No 3.107:
Question 21:
One says. "give me hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as you" The other replies, "If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you". Tell me what is the amount of their respective capital?
Answer:
21. Let the money with first person be and the money with the second person be. Then,
If first person gives to second person then the second person will become twice as rich as first person, According to the given condition, we have,
if second person gives to first person then the first person will becomes six times as rich as second person, According to given condition, we have,
Multiplying equation by we get,
By subtracting from, we get
Putting in equation, we get,
Hence, first person’s capital will be ,
Second person’s capital will be .
Page No 3.108:
Question 1:
Write the value of k for which the system of equations x + y − 4 = 0 and 2x + ky − 3 = 0 has no solution.
Answer:
The given system of equations is
.
For the equations to have no solutions
By cross multiplication we get,
Hence, the value of k is when system equations has no solution.
Page No 3.108:
Question 2:
Write the value of k for which the system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
Answer:
The given systems of equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
By cross Multiplication we get,
Hence the value of k is when equations has infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.108:
Question 22:
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral such that ∠A = (4y + 20)°, ∠B = (3y − 5)°, ∠C = (−4x)° and ∠D = (7x + 5)°. Find the four angles.
Answer:
We know that the sum of the opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral is .in the cyclic quadrilateral angles and and angles and pairs of opposite angles
Therefore
and
By substituting and we get
Divide both sides of equation by 4 we get
By substituting and we get
By multiplying equation by 3 we get
By subtracting equation from we get
By substituting in equation we get
The angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
Hence the angles of quadrilateral are
Page No 3.109:
Question 3:
Write the value of k for which the system of equations 3x − 2y = 0 and kx + 5y = 0 has infinitely may solutions.
Answer:
The given equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
Therefore,
By cross multiplication we have
Hence, the value of k for the system of equation and is.
Page No 3.109:
Question 4:
Write the value of k for which the system of equations x + ky = 0, 2x − y = 0 has unique solution.
Answer:
The given equations are
For unique solution
For all real values of k, except the equations have unique solutions.
Page No 3.109:
Question 5:
Write the set of values of a and b for which the following system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
Answer:
The given equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
Therefore
Let us take
By dividing both the sides by 7 we get,
By multiplying equations by 2 we get
Substituting from we get
Subtracting in equation we have
Hence, the value of when system of equations has infinity many solutions.
Page No 3.109:
Question 6:
For what value of k, the following pair of linear equation has infinitely many solutions?
Answer:
The given equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions
Let us take
Hence, the value of when the pair of linear equations has infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.109:
Question 7:
Write the number of solution of the following pair of linear equations:
x + 2y − 8 = 0
2x + 4y = 16
Answer:
The given equations are
Every solution of the second equation is also a solution of the first equation.
Hence, there are, the system equation is consistent.
Page No 3.109:
Question 8:
Write the number of solutions of the following pair of linear equations:
x + 3y − 4 = 0
2x + 6y = 7
Answer:
The given linear pair of equations are
If then
Hence, the number of solutions of the pair of linear equation is.
Therefore, the equations have no solution.
Page No 3.109:
Question 1:
The value of k for which the system of equations has a unique solution, is
kx − y = 2
6x − 2y = 3
(a) =3
(b) ≠3
(c) ≠0
(d) =0
Answer:
The given system of equations are
for unique solution
Here
By cross multiply we get
Hence, the correct choice is.
Page No 3.109:
Question 2:
The value of k for which the system, of equations has infinite number of solutions, is
2x + 3y = 5
4x + ky = 10
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) 0
Answer:
The given system of equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
Here,
Therefore
By cross multiplication of we get,
And
Therefore the value of k is 6
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.109:
Question 3:
The value of k for which the system of equations x + 2y − 3 = 0 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has no solution, is
(a) 10
(b) 6
(c) 3
(d) 1
Answer:
The given system of equations are
For the equations to have no solutions,
If we take
Therefore the value of k is10.
Hence, correct choice is.
Page No 3.109:
Question 4:
The value of k for which the system of equations 3x + 5y = 0 and kx + 10y = 0 has non-zero solution, is
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 6
(d) 8
Answer:
The given system of equations are,
Here,
By cross multiply we get
Therefore the value of k is 6,
Hence, the correct choice is.
Page No 3.109:
Question 5:
If the system of equations has infinitely many solutions, then
2x + 3y = 7
(a + b)x + (2a − b)y = 21
(a) a = 1, b = 5
(b) a = 5, b = 1
(c) a = −1, b = 5
(d) a = 5, b = −1
Answer:
The given systems of equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
Here ,
Let us take
By cross multiplication we get,
Now take
By cross multiplication we get,
Substitute in the above equation
Substitute in equation we get,
Therefore and.
Hence, the correct choice is.
Page No 3.110:
Question 6:
If the system of equations is inconsistent, then k =
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) −1
(d) 2
Answer:
The given system of equations is inconsistent,
If the system of equations is in consistent, we have
Therefore, the value of k is2.
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.110:
Question 7:
If am ≠ bl, then the system of equations
(a) has a unique solution
(b) has no solution
(c) has infinitely many solutions
(d) may or may not have a solution
Answer:
Given the system of equations has
We know that intersecting lines have unique solution
Here
Therefore intersecting lines, have unique solution
Hence, the correct choice is
Page No 3.110:
Question 8:
If the system of equations has infinitely many solutions, then
(a) a = 2b
(b) b = 2a
(c) a + 2b = 0
(d) 2a + b = 0
Answer:
Given the system of equations are
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
By cross multiplication we have
Divide both sides by 2. we get
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.110:
Question 9:
The value of k for which the system of equations has no solution is
(a) 6
(b) −6
(c) 3/2
(d) None of these
Answer:
The given system of equation is
If then the equation have no solution.
By cross multiply we get
Hence, the correct choice is.
Page No 3.110:
Question 10:
If 2x − 3y = 7 and (a + b)x − (a + b − 3)y = 4a + b represent coincident lines, then a and b satisfy the equation
(a) a + 5b = 0
(b) 5a + b = 0
(c) a − 5b = 0
(d) 5a − b = 0
Answer:
The given system of equations are
For coincident lines , infinite number of solution
Option A.:
Option B:
Option.C:
a - b = 0
-5 - (-1) = -4 0
None of the option satisfies the values.
Page No 3.110:
Question 11:
If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent, then the lines represented by two equations are
(a) intersecting
(b) parallel
(c) always coincident
(d) intersecting or coincident
Answer:
If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent, then its solution exists.
∴The lines represented by the equations are either intersecting or coincident.
Hence, correct choice is.
Page No 3.110:
Question 12:
The area of the triangle formed by the line with the coordinate axes is
(a) ab
(b) 2ab
(c)
(d)
Answer:
Given the area of the triangle formed by the line
If in the equation either A and B approaches infinity, The line become parallel to either x axis or y axis respectively,
Therefore
Area of triangle
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.110:
Question 13:
The area of the triangle formed by the lines y = x, x = 6 and y = 0 is
(a) 36 sq. units
(b) 18 sq. units
(c) 9 sq. units
(d) 72 sq. units
Answer:
Given and
We have plotting points as when
Therefore, area of
Area of triangle is square units
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.110:
Question 14:
If the system of equations 2x + 3y = 5, 4x + ky = 10 has infinitely many solutions, then k =
(a) 1
(b) ½
(c) 3
(d) 6
Answer:
The given system of equations
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions
If we take
And
Therefore, the value of k is 6.
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.111:
Question 15:
If the system of equations kx − 5y = 2, 6x + 2y = 7 has no solution, then k =
(a) −10
(b) −5
(c) −6
(d) −15
Answer:
The given systems of equations are
If
Here
Hence, the correct choice is .
Page No 3.111:
Question 16:
The area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 3, y = 4 and x = y is
(a) ½ sq. unit
(b) 1 sq. unit
(c) 2 sq. unit
(d) None of these
Answer:
Given and
We have plotting points as when
Therefore, area of
Area of triangle is square units
Hence, the correct choice is
Page No 3.111:
Question 17:
The area of the triangle formed by the lines 2x + 3y = 12, x − y − 1 = 0 and x = 0 (as shown in Fig. 3.23), is
(a) 7 sq. units
(b) 7.5 sq. units
(c) 6.5 sq. units
(d) 6 sq. units
Answer:
Given and
If We have plotting points as
Therefore, area of
Area of triangle is square units
Hence, the correct choice is
Page No 3.12:
Question 1:
Akhila went to a fair in her village. She wanted to enjoy rides in the Giant Wheel and play Hoopla (a game in which you throw a rig on the items kept in the stall, and if the ring covers any object completely you get it.) The number of times she played Hoopla is half the number of rides she had on the Giant Wheel. Each ride costs Rs 3, and a game of Hoopla costs Rs 4. If she spent Rs 20 in the fair, represent this situation algebraically and graphically.
Answer:
Let no. of ride is and no. of Hoopla is .He paid Rs 20 for ride and for Hoopla.
The cost of ride is Rs and cost of Hoopla is Rs.then
The number of Hoopla is the half number of ride, then
Hence algebraic equations are and
Now, we draw the graph for algebraic equations.
Page No 3.12:
Question 2:
Aftab tells his daughter, "Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be". Is not this interesting? Represent this situation algebraically and graphically.
Answer:
Let age of Aftab is years and age of his daughter is years. Years ago his age wastimes older as her daughter was. Then
Three years from now, he will be three times older as his daughter will be, then
Hence the algebraic representation are and
Page No 3.12:
Question 3:
The path of a train A is given by the equation 3x + 4y − 12 = 0 and the path of another train B is given by the equation 6x + 8y − 48 = 0. Represent this situation graphically.
Answer:
The given equation are and.
In order to represent the above pair of linear equation graphically, we need
Two points on the line representing each equation. That is, we find two solutions
of each equation as given below:
We have,
Putting we get
Putting we get
Thus, two solution of equation are
We have
Putting we get
Putting we get
Thus, two solution of equation are
8 | ||
6 |
Now we plot the pointand and draw a line passing through
These two points to get the graph o the line represented by equation
We also plot the points and and draw a line passing through
These two points to get the graph O the line represented by equation
We observe that the line parallel and they do not intersect anywhere.
Page No 3.12:
Question 4:
Gloria is walking along the path joining (−2, 3) and (2, −2), while Suresh is walking along the path joining (0, 5) and (4, 0). Represent this situation graphically.
Answer:
Gloria is walking the path joining and
Suresh is walking the path joining and
0 | 4 | |
5 | 0 |
The graphical representations are
Page No 3.12:
Question 5:
On comparing the ratios , and without drawing them, find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincide :
(i) 5x − 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y − 9 = 0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x − 3y + 10 = 0
2x − y + 9 = 0
Answer:
(i) Given equation are: 5x + 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y − 9 = 0
We have And
Thus the pair of linear equation is intersecting.
(ii) Given equation are: 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
We have
Thus the pair of linear is coincident lines.
(iii) Given equation are:
We have
Thus the pair of line is parallel lines.
Page No 3.12:
Question 6:
Given the linear equation 2x + 3y − 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is :
(i) intersecting lines
(ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
Answer:
(i) Given the linear equation are:
We know that intersecting condition:
Where
Hence the equation of other line is
(ii) We know that parallel line condition is:
Where
Hence the equation is
(iii) We know that coincident line condition is:
Where
Hence the equation is
Page No 3.12:
Question 7:
The cost of 2kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was found to be Rs 160. After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2kg of grapes is Rs. 300 Represent th situation algebraically and geometrically.
Answer:
Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be Rs x.
And, cost of 1 kg of grapes = Rs y
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
For ,
The solution table is
x | 50 | 60 | 70 |
y | 60 | 40 | 20 |
For 4x + 2y = 300,
The solution table is
x | 70 | 80 | 75 |
y | 10 | –10 | 0 |
The graphical representation is as follows.
Page No 3.29:
Question 1:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
x + y = 3
2x + 5y = 12
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | 3 | |
3 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | 6 | |
12/5 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from the table.
The two lines intersect at point P.
Hence, and is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 2:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
x − 2y = 5
2x + 3y = 10
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | 5 | |
0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph the equation
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | 5 | |
10/3 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersects at point B
Hence is the solution
Page No 3.29:
Question 3:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
3x + y + 1 = 0
2x − 3y + 8 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | –1/3 | |
–1 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we ge
Putting in equationwe get
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | –4 | |
8/3 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at points P.
Hence is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 4:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
2x + y − 3 = 0
2x − 3y − 7 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | 7/2 | |
–7/3 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at points P.
Hence is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 5:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
x + y = 6
x − y = 2
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at points P.
Hence is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 6:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
x − 2y = 6
3x − 6y = 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Plotting the two points equation (i) can be drawn.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation, we get:
Putting x=2 in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
We see that the two lines are parallel, so they won’t intersect
Hence there is no solution
Page No 3.29:
Question 7:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
x + y = 4
2x − 3y = 3
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at points P.
Hence is the solution
Page No 3.29:
Question 8:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
2x + 3y = 4
x − y + 3 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
The two lines intersect at points P.
Hence, and is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 9:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
2x − 3y + 13 = 0
3x − 2y + 12 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equationwe get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at points P.
Hence, and is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 10:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
2x + 3y + 5 = 0
3x − 2y − 12 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equationwe get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersects at points P
Hence, and is the solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 11:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations has infinitely many solutions:
2x + 3y = 6
4x + 6y = 12
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Thus the graph of the two equations coincide
Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.
Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.29:
Question 12:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations has infinitely many solutions:
x − 2y = 5
3x − 6y = 15
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationswe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equations we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Thus the graph of the two equations coincide
Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.
Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.29:
Question 13:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations has infinitely many solutions:
3x + y = 8
6x + 2y = 16
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationswe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equations we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Thus the graph of the two equations coincide
Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.
Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.29:
Question 14:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations has infinitely many solutions:
x − 2y + 11 = 0
3x − 6y + 33 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Thus the graph of the two equations are coincide
Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.
Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.29:
Question 15:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :
3x − 5y = 20
6x − 10y = −40
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Here we see that the two lines are parallel
Hence the given system of equations has no solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 16:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :
x − 2y = 6
3x − 6y = 0
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points .
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Here the two lines are parallel and so there is no point in common
Hence the given system of equations has no solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 17:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :
2y − x = 9
6y − 3x = 21
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Here two lines are parallel and so don’t have common points
Hence the given system of equations has no solution.
Page No 3.29:
Question 18:
Show graphically that each one of the following systems of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :
3x − 4y − 1 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Here, the two lines are parallel.
Hence the given system of equations is inconsistent.
Page No 3.29:
Question 19:
Determine graphically the vertices of the triangle, the equations of whose sides are given below :
(i) 2y − x = 8, 5y − x = 14 and y − 2x = 1
(ii) y = x, y = 0 and 3x + 3y = 10
Answer:
(i) Draw the 3 lines as given by equations
By taking x=1 = 1 cm on x−axis
And y =1=1cm on y−axis
Clearly from graph points of intersection three lines are
(−4,2) , (1,3), (2,5)
(ii) Draw the 3 lines as given by equations
By taking x=1 = 1 cm on x−axis
And y =1=1cm on y−axis
From graph point of intersection are (0,0) (10/3,0) (5/3,5/3)
Page No 3.29:
Question 20:
Determine, graphically whether the system of equations x − 2y = 2, 4x − 2y = 5 is consistent or in-consistent.
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | 5/4 | |
–5/2 | 0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
It has unique solution.
Hence the system of equations is consistent
Page No 3.29:
Question 21:
Determine, by drawing graphs, whether the following system of linear equations has a unique solution or not :
(i) 2x − 3y = 6, x + y = 1
(ii) 2y = 4x − 6, 2x = y + 3
Answer:
(i) The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of the equation….
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at point .
Hence the equations have unique solution.
(ii) The equations of graphs is
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points .
Graph of the equation
Putting in equation we get.
Putting in equation we get.
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines are coincident.
Hence the equations have infinitely much solution.
Hence the system is consistent
Page No 3.29:
Question 22:
Solve graphically each of the following systems of linear equations. Also find the coordinates of the points where the lines meet axis of y.
(i) 2x − 5y + 4 = 0,
2x + y − 8 = 0
(ii) 3x + 2y = 12,
5x − 2y = 4
(iii) 2x + y − 11 = 0,
x − y − 1 = 0
(iv) x + 2y − 7 = 0,
2x − y − 4 = 0
(v) 3x + y − 5 = 0,
2x − y − 5 = 0
(vi) 2x − y − 5 = 0,
x − y − 3 = 0
Answer:
(i) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
−2 | 8 | |
0 | 4 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
4 | 2 | |
0 | 4 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 3, y = 2.
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points respectively.
(ii) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
4 | 6 | |
0 | –3 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
3 | 2 | |
5.5 | 3 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 2, y = 3.
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points respectively.
(iii) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
3 | 1 | |
5 | 9 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 5 | |
0 | 4 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 4, y = 3.
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points respectively.
(iv) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
5 | 7 | |
1 | 0 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
2 | 1 | |
0 | –2 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 3, y = 2.
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points respectively.(v) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 3 | |
2 | –4 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 4 | |
–3 | 3 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 2, y = −1.
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points respectively.
(vi) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 3 | |
–3 | 1 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 5 | |
–2 | 2 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 2, y = −1.
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points respectively.
Page No 3.30:
Question 23:
Determine graphically the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle, the equations of whose sides are :
(i) y = x, y = 2x and y + x = 6
(ii) y = x, 3y = x, x + y = 8
Answer:
(i) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
0 | 1 | |
0 | 1 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 3 | |
2 | 6 |
The two points satisfying (iii) can be listed in a table as,
0 | 6 | |
6 | 6 |
Now, graph of equations (i), (ii) and (iii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the coordinates of the vertices of the obtained triangle are
(ii) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
0 | 2 | |
0 | 2 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
3 | –3 | |
1 | –1 |
The two points satisfying (iii) can be listed in a table as,
3 | 5 | |
5 | 3 |
Now, graph of equations (i), (ii) and (iii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the coordinates of the obtained triangle are
Page No 3.30:
Question 24:
Solve the following system of linear equation graphically and shade the region between the two lines and x-axis:
(i) 2x + 3y = 12,
x − y = 1
(ii) 3x + 2y − 4 = 0,
2x − 3y − 7 = 0
(iii) 3x + 2y − 11 = 0
2x − 3y + 10 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at. The region enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and x−axis are shown in the above figure
Hence, and is the solution.
(ii) The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
0 | ||
2 | 0 |
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
− |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at. The area enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and the coordinates x−axis and shaded the area in graph.
Hence, and is the solution.
(iii) The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at. The area enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and the coordinates x−axis and shaded the area in graph.
Hence, and is the solution.
Page No 3.30:
Question 25:
Draw the graphs of the following equations on the same graph paper.
2x + 3y = 12,
x − y = 1
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by the two straight lines and the y-axis.
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The intersection point is P(3, 2)
Three points of the triangle are.
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.30:
Question 26:
Draw the graphs of x − y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y − 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and x-axis and shade the triangular area. Calculate the area bounded by these lines and x-axis.
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at.
Now, Required area = Area of shaded region
Required area = Area of PBD
Required area =
Required area =
Required area =
Hence the area =
Page No 3.30:
Question 27:
Solve graphically the system of linear equations:
4x − 3y + 4 = 0
4x + 3y − 20 = 0
Find the area bounded by these lines and x-axis.
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the points (0, 4/3), (−1, 0).
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at.
Hence is the solution of the given equations.
Now,
Required area = Area of PBD
Required area =
Required area =
Required area =
Hence, the area =
Page No 3.30:
Question 28:
Solve the following system of linear equations graphically :
3x + y − 11 = 0, x − y − 1 = 0.
Shade the region bounded by these lines and y-axis. Also, find the area of the region bounded by the these lines and y-axis.
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at.
Hence is the solution of the given equations
The area enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and the y−axis is shaded region in the figure
Now, Required area = Area of shaded region
Required area = Area of PAC
Required area =
Required area =
Required area =
Hence the required area is sq. unit
Page No 3.30:
Question 29:
Solve graphically each of the following systems of linear equations. Also, find the coordinates of the points where the lines meet the axis of x in each system.
(i) 2x + y = 6
x − 2y = −2
(ii) 2x − y = 2
4x − y = 8
(iii) x + 2y = 5
2x − 3y = −4
(iv) 2x + 3y = 8
x − 2y = −3
Answer:
(i)
The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
4 | 0 | |
−2 | 6 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
4 | 6 | |
3 | 4 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 2, y = 2.
Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i) and (ii) meet the x-axis are respectively.
(ii) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
0 | 2 | |
2 | 2 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
1 | 3 | |
–4 | 4 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 3, y = 4.
Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i) and (ii) meet the x-axis are respectively.
(iii) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
0 | −1 | |
2.5 | 3 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
4 | –5 | |
4 | –2 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 1, y = 2.
Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i) and (ii) meet the x-axis are respectively.
Solution is missing
(iv) The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
–2 | 7 | |
4 | –2 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
–1 | 3 | |
1 | 3 |
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x = 1, y = 2.
Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i) and (ii) meet the x-axis are respectively.
Page No 3.30:
Question 30:
Draw the graphs of the following equations:
2x − 3y + 6 = 0
2x + 3y − 18 = 0
y − 2 = 0
Find the vertices of the triangle so obtained. Also, find the area of the triangle.
Answer:
The given equations are
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
−3 | 6 | |
0 | 6 |
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
0 | 9 | |
6 | 0 |
The two points satisfying (iii) can be listed in a table as,
−1 | 8 | |
2 | 2 |
Now, graph of equations (i), (ii) and (iii) can be drawn as,
It is seen that the coordinates of the vertices of the obtained triangle are
∴Area of ΔABC =
Page No 3.30:
Question 31:
Solve the following system of equations graphically.
2x − 3y + 6 = 0
2x + 3y − 18 = 0
Also, find the area of the region bounded by these two lines and y-axis.
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equationwe get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at.
Hence is the solution of the given equations.
The area enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and the y−axis
Now,
Required area = Area of PCA
Required area =
Required area =
Required area =
Hence the required area is
Page No 3.31:
Question 32:
Solve the following system of linear equations graphically.
4x − 5y − 20 = 0
3x + 5y − 15 = 0
Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines representing the above equation and the y-axis.
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
x |
0 |
5 |
y |
0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
Putting in equation (ii) we get:
Putting in equation (ii) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
x |
0 |
5 |
y |
3 |
0 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The three vertices of the triangle are.
Hence the solution of the equation is and
Page No 3.31:
Question 33:
Draw the graphs of the equations 5x − y = 5 and 3x − y = 3. Determine the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and y-axis. Calculate the area of the triangle so formed.
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table
Putting in equation we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
–3 |
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Hence the vertices of the required triangle are.
Now,
Required area = Area of PCA
Required area =
Required area =
Hence the required area is
Page No 3.31:
Question 34:
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solution graphically:
(i) 10 students of class X took part in Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs 46. Find the cost of one pencil and a pen.
(iii) Champa went to a 'sale' to purchase some pants and skirts. When her friends asked her how many of each she had bought, she answered, "The number of skirts is two less than twice the number of pants purchased. Also the number of skirts is four less than four times the number of pants purchased." Help her friends to find how many pants and skirts Champa bought.
Answer:
(i) Let the number of girls be x and the number of boys be y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
x + y = 10
x − y = 4
For x + y = 10,
x = 10 − y
x | 5 | 4 | 6 |
y | 5 | 6 | 4 |
For x − y = 4,
x = 4 + y
x | 5 | 4 | 3 |
y | 1 | 0 | −1 |
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at point (7, 3).
Therefore, the number of girls and boys in the class are 7 and 3 respectively.
(ii) Let the cost of 1 pencil be Rs x and the cost of 1 pen be Rs y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
5x + 7y = 50
7x + 5y = 46
For 5x + 7y = 50,
x | 3 | 10 | − 4 |
y | 5 | 0 | 10 |
7x + 5y = 46
x | 8 | 3 | − 2 |
y | − 2 | 5 | 12 |
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at point (3, 5).
Therefore, the cost of a pencil and a pen are Rs 3 and Rs 5 respectively.
(iii) Let us denote the number of pants by x and the number of skirts by y. Then the equations formed are :
y = 2x − 2 … (i)
y = 4x − 4 … (ii)
The graphs of the equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn by finding two solutions for each of the equations. They are given in the following table.
x | 2 | 0 |
y = 2x − 2 | 2 | −2 |
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
The two lines intersect at the point (1, 0). So, x = 1, y = 0 is the required solution of the pair of linear equations, i.e., the number of pants she purchased is 1 and she did not buy any skirt.
Page No 3.31:
Question 35:
Solve the following system of equations graphically:
Shade the region between the lines and the y-axis
(i) 3x − 4y = 7
5x + 2y = 3
(ii) 4x − y = 4
3x + 2y = 14
Answer:
The given equations are:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation (ii) we get:
Putting in equation (ii) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The two lines intersect at points of y−axis.
Hence, and is the Solution.
(ii) The equations are:
Putting in equation (1) we get:
Putting in equation (1) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph:
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Putting in equation (2) we get:
Putting in equation (2) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
x | ||
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Two lines intersect at points of y−axis.
Hence and is the solution.
Page No 3.31:
Question 36:
Represent the following pair of equations graphically and write the coordinates of points where the lines intersects y-axis.
x + 3y = 6
2x − 3y = 12
Answer:
The given equations are
Putting in equation (i) we get:
Putting in equationwe get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
x | ||
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points.
Putting in equation (ii) we get:
Putting in equation (ii) we get:
Use the following table to draw the graph.
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
Graph of lines represented by the equations meet y−axis at respectively.
Page No 3.31:
Question 37:
Given the linear equation 2x + 3y − 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
(i) intersecting lines
(ii) Parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
Answer:
(i) For intersecting lines,
Equation of another intersecting line to the given line is−
Since, condition for intersecting lines and unique solution is−
(ii) For parallel lines,
Equation of another parallel line to the given line is−
Since, condition for parallel lines and no solution is−
(iii) For co−incident lines,
Equation of another coincident line to the given line is−
Since, condition for coincident lines and infinite solution is−
Page No 3.43:
Question 1:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Multiply equation by 2 and equation by 15, and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equationwe get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.43:
Question 2:
Solve the following systems of equations:
3x − 7y + 10 = 0
y − 2x − 3 = 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by 2 and equation by, and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equationwe get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.43:
Question 3:
Solve the following systems of equations:
0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7
0.7x − 0.2y = 0.8
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by 2 and equation by, and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equationwe get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.43:
Question 4:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
Subtract (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.43:
Question 5:
Solve the following systems of equations:
7(y + 3) − 2(x + 2) = 14
4(y − 2) + 3(x − 3) = 2
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equationwe get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.43:
Question 6:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.43:
Question 7:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.43:
Question 8:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.44:
Question 9:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtract equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of x and y are and
Page No 3.44:
Question 10:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtract equation (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 11:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and subtract equation (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 12:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Multiply equation (1) by , we get
adding (2) and (3), we getHence the value of x and y are and
Page No 3.44:
Question 13:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and by and subtract equation (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 14:
Solve the following systems of equations:
0.5x + 0.7y = 0.74
0.3x + 0.5y = 0.5
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and by and subtract equation (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 15:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 16:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and by and subtract equation (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 17:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Adding both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 18:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.44:
Question 19:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 20:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Multiply equation by and subtract (ii) from equation (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.44:
Question 21:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by, add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 22:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Multiply equation by and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 23:
Solve the following systems of equations:
where x + y ≠ 0 and x − y ≠ 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in second equation, we get
Hence the value of and.
Page No 3.44:
Question 24:
Solve the following systems of equations:
where x + y ≠ 0, y − x ≠ 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.44:
Question 25:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in second equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.44:
Question 26:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in first equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 27:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in first equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 28:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
…
…
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 29:
Solve the following systems of equations:
where x ≠ −1 and y ≠ 1
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 30:
Solve the following systems of equations:
x + y = 5xy
3x + 2y = 13xy,
x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 31:
Solve the following systems of equations:
x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 32:
Solve the following systems of equations:
2(3u − ν) = 5uν
2(u + 3ν) = 5uν
Answer:
The given equations are:
Multiply equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 33:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
…
…
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 34:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by, add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 35:
Solve the following systems of equations:
99x + 101y = 499
101x + 99y = 501
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by, and subtract (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 36:
Solve the following systems of equations:
23x − 29y = 98
29x − 23y = 110
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and subtract (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 37:
Solve the following systems of equations:
x − y + z = 4
x − 2y − 2z = 9
2x + y + 3z = 1
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
First of all we find the value of
Put the value of in equation, we get
Put the value of and in equation in we get
Multiply equation by and add equations and, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Put the value of and in equation we get
Hence the value of, and.
Page No 3.45:
Question 38:
Solve the following systems of equations:
x − y + z = 4
x + y + z = 2
2x + y − 3z = 0
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
First of all we find the value of
Put the value of in equation, we get
Put the value of and in equation in we get
Put the value of and in equation, we get
Hence the value of, and.
Page No 3.45:
Question 39:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
…
…
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 40:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and subtract (ii) from (i) we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 41:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by 3 and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 42:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 43:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and .
Page No 3.45:
Question 44:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
Let and then equations are
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Then
…
…
Add both equations, we get
Put the value of in equation we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 45:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 46:
Solve the following systems of equations:
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by, add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.45:
Question 47:
Solve the following systems of equations:
152x − 378y = −74
−378x + 152y = −604
Answer:
The given equations are:
…
…
Multiply equation by and equation by and add both equations we get
Put the value of in equation, we get
Hence the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 1:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
x + 2y + 1 = 0
2x − 3y − 12 = 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
By cross multiplication method we get
and
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 2:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
3x + 2y + 25 = 0
2x + y + 10 = 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
By cross multiplication method we get
Also
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 3:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
2x + y = 35
3x + 4y = 65
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Also
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 4:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
2x − y = 6
x − y = 2
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 5:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Let
By cross multiplication method we get
So
We know that
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 6:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
ax + by = a − b
bx − ay = a + b
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
T
Thereforeand
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 7:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
x + ay = b
ax − by = c
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
, and
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 8:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
ax + by = a2
bx + ay = b2
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 9:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
So for x we have
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 10:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 11:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
And
Hence we get the value ofand
Page No 3.56:
Question 12:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
where x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Rewriting the equation again
By cross multiplication method we get
And
We know that
Adding equation (3) and (4)
Substituting value of x in equation (3) we get
Hence we get the value ofand
Page No 3.56:
Question 13:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
where x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Rewriting the equation again
By cross multiplication method we get from eq. (1) and eq. (2)
And
We know that
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 14:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 15:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
2ax + 3by = a + 2b
3ax + 2by = 2a + b
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Now consider
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 16:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
5ax + 6by = 28
3ax + 4by = 18
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following to calculate x
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 17:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
(a + 2b)x + (2a − b)y = 2
(a − 2b)x + (2a + b)y = 3
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 18:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following for x
And
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 19:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following for x
Now for y
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 20:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following for x
Now consider the following for y
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 21:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following for x
Now consider the following for y
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 22:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Now rewriting the given equation as
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following for u
Consider the following for v
We know that
Now adding eq. (3) and (4) we get
And after substituting the value of x in eq. (4) we get
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.56:
Question 23:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
After rewriting equations
By cross multiplication method we get
For y consider the following
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.57:
Question 24:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation, after rewriting equations
By cross multiplication method we get
Consider the following for y
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.57:
Question 25:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Let
Rewriting equations
Now, by cross multiplication method we get
For u consider the following
For y consider
We know that
Now
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.57:
Question 26:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Now for y
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.57:
Question 27:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
For y
Hence we get the value of and
Page No 3.57:
Question 28:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-multiplication :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
By cross multiplication method we get
Hence we get the value of
Page No 3.71:
Question 1:
In each of the following systems of equations determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it:
x − 3y = 3
3x − 9y = 2
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
For no solution
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Since which means hence the system of equation has no solution.
Hence the system of equation has no solution
Page No 3.71:
Question 2:
In each of the following systems of equations determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it
2x + y = 5
4x + 2y = 10
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
For no solution
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Since which means hence the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
Hence the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.71:
Question 3:
In each of the following systems of equations determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it
3x − 5y = 20
6x − 10y = 40
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
For no solution
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Since which means hence the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
Hence the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.71:
Question 4:
In each of the following systems of equations determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it
x − 2y = 8
5x − 10y = 10
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
For no solution
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Since which means hence the system of equation has no solution.
Hence the system of equation has no solution
Page No 3.71:
Question 5:
Find the value of k for which the following system of equations has a unique solution:
kx + 2y = 5
3x + y = 1
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique solution.
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has unique solution.
Page No 3.71:
Question 6:
Find the value of k for which the following system of equations has a unique solution:
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique solution.
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has unique solution
Page No 3.71:
Question 7:
Find the value of k for which the following system of equations has a unique solution:
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique solution.
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
Here,
Hence already for the system of equation to have unique solution but the value of k should be a real number
Hence for the system of equation has unique solution.
Page No 3.71:
Question 8:
Find the value of k for which the following system of equations has a unique solution:
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique solution.
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has unique solution
Page No 3.72:
Question 9:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
2x + 3y − 5 = 0
6x + ky − 15 = 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.72:
Question 10:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.72:
Question 11:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.72:
Question 12:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.72:
Question 13:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
Now consider the following
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.72:
Question 14:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Consider the following for k
Now consider the following
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.72:
Question 15:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.72:
Question 16:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Consider the following relation to find k
Now consider the following
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.72:
Question 17:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Consider the following relation to find k
Now again consider the following
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.72:
Question 18:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Now again consider the following to find k
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.72:
Question 19:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have infinitely many solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here,
Consider the following to find out k
Now again consider the following relation
So the common solution is 7
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions
Page No 3.72:
Question 20:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have no solution :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.72:
Question 21:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have no solution :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has no solution
Page No 3.72:
Question 22:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have no solution :
3x − 4y + 7 = 0
kx + 3y − 5 = 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has no solution.
Page No 3.72:
Question 23:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have no solution :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has no solution.
Page No 3.72:
Question 24:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have no solution :
2x + ky = 11
5x − 7y = 5
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has no solution.
Page No 3.72:
Question 25:
Find the value of k for which each of the following system of equations have no solution :
cx + 2y = 3
12x + cy = 6
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of c the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has no solution.
Page No 3.72:
Question 26:
For what value of k the following system of equations will be inconsistent?
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation will be inconsistent
We know that the system of equations
For the system of equation to be inconsistent
Here,
Hence for the system of equation will be inconsistent.
Page No 3.72:
Question 27:
For what value of α, the system of equations will have no solution?
αx + 3y = α − 3
12x + αy = α
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no solution
We know that the system of equations
For no solution
Here,
Consider the following for α
Now consider the following
Hence the common value of α is − 6
Hence for α = -6 the system of equation has no solution
Page No 3.72:
Question 28:
Find the value of k for which the system has (i) a unique solution, and (ii) no solution.
kx + 2y = 5
3x + y = 1
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
(1) Unique solution
(2) No solution
We know that the system of equations
(1) For Unique solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has unique solution.
(2) For no solution
Hence for the system of equation has no solution
Page No 3.73:
Question 29:
Prove that there is a value of c(≠ 0) for which the system has infinitely many solutions. Find this value.
6x + 3y = c − 3
12x + cy = c
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of c the system of equation has infinitely many solution
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
Now consider the following for c
But it is given that c ≠ 0. Hence c = 6
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.73:
Question 30:
Find the values of k for which the system will have (i) a unique solution, and (ii) no solution. Is there a value of k for which the system has infinitely many solutions?
2x + ky = 1
3x − 5y = 7
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
(1) Unique solution
(2) No solution
(3) Infinitely many solution
We know that the system of equations
(1) For Unique solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has unique solution
(2) For no solution
Here,
Hence for the system of equation has no solution
(3) For infinitely many solution
Here,
But since here
Hence the system does not have infinitely many solutions.
Page No 3.73:
Question 31:
For what value of k, the following system of equations will represent the coincident lines?
x + 2y + 7 = 0
2x + ky + 14 = 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation will represents coincident lines
We know that the system of equations
For the system of equation to represent coincident lines we have the following relation
Here,
Hence for the system of equation represents coincident lines
Page No 3.73:
Question 32:
Obtain the condition for the following system of linear equations to have a unique solution
ax + by = c
lx + my = n
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine the condition for the system of equation to have a unique equation
We know that the system of equations
For unique solution
Here
Hence for the system of equation have unique solution.
Page No 3.73:
Question 33:
Determine the values of a and b so that the following system of linear equations have infinitely many solutions :
(2a − 1) x + 3y − 5 = 0
3x + (b − 1)y − 2 = 0
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Again consider
Hence for and the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
Page No 3.73:
Question 34:
Find the values of a and b for which the following system of linear equations has infinite number of solutions :
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
5a − 4b + 21 = 0……(1)
Again
a + b + 6 = 0…… (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 4 and adding eq. (1)
Putting the value of a in eq. (2)
Hence for and the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
Page No 3.73:
Question 35:
Find the values of p and q for which the following system of linear equations has infinite number of solutions:
Answer:
GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
…… (1)
Again consider
…… (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 3 and subtracting from eq. (1)
Putting the value of q in eq. (2)
Hence for and the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
Page No 3.73:
Question 36:
Find the values of a and b for which the following system of equations has infinitely many solutions:
Answer:
(i) GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider
Again consider
Hence forand the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
(ii) GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
Again consider
Hence for and the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
(iii) GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
Again consider
Hence forand the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
(iv) GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
…… (1)
Again consider
…… (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 2 and subtracting eq. (1) from eq. 2
Substituting the value of ‘a’ in eq. (2) we get
Hence forand the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
(v) GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
…… (1)
Again consider the following
…… (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 2 and subtracting eq. (1) from eq. (2)
Substituting the value of b in eq. (2) we get
Hence forand the system of equation has infinitely many solution.
(vi) GIVEN:
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
Rewrite the given equations
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
(vii) GIVEN :
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
For infinitely many solution
Here
Consider the following
Hence for the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
(viii) Given:
We know that the system of equations
has infinitely many solutions if
So,
Solving these two equations, we get
Putting b = 1 in a + b = 4, we get
a = 3
(ix) Given:
We know that the system of equations
has infinitely many solutions if
Now,
⇒ a + b = 3a
⇒ b = 2a .....(1)
Also,
⇒ a + b = 12 .....(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get
a = 4 and b = 8
Page No 3.77:
Question 10:
One says, "Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as you." The other replies, "If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you." Tell me what is the amount of their respective capital?
Answer:
To find:
(1) Total amount of A.
(2) Total amount of B.
Suppose A has Rs x and B has Rs y
According to the given conditions,
x + 100 = 2(y − 100)
x + 100 = 2y − 200
x − 2y = −300 ....(1)
and
y + 10 = 6(x − 10)
y + 10 = 6x − 60
6x − y = 70 ....(2)
Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we get
12x − 2y = 140 ....(3)
Subtracting (1) from (3), we get
11x = 440
x = 40
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we get
40 − 2y = −300
−2y = −340
y = 170
Hence A has and B has
Page No 3.77:
Question 1:
5 pens and 6 pencils together cost Rs 9 and 3 pens and 2 pencils cost Rs 5. Find the cost of 1 pen and 1 pencil.
Answer:
Given:
(i) 5 pens and 6 pencils together cost of Rs. 9.
(ii) 3 pens and 2 pencils cost Rs. 5.
To Find: Cost of 1 pen and 1 pencil.
Let
(i) The cost of 1 pen = Rs x.
(ii) The cost of 1 pencil = Rs y.
According to question
Thus we get the following system of linear equation
By using cross multiplication we have
Cost of one pen =
Cost of one pencil =
Page No 3.77:
Question 2:
7 audio cassettes and 3 video cassettes cost Rs 1110, while 5 audio cassettes and 4 video cassettes cost Rs 1350. Find the cost of an audio cassette and a video cassette.
Answer:
Given:
(i) 7 Audio cassettes and 3 Video cassettes cost is 1110.
(ii) 5 Audio cassettes and 4 Video cassettes cost Rs. 1350.
To Find: Cost of 1 audio cassette and 1 video cassettes.
Let (i) the cost of 1 audio cassette = Rs. x.
(ii) the cost of 1 video cassette = Rs. y.
According to the given conditions, we have
Thus, we get the following system of linear equation,
By using cross multiplication, we have
Hence cost of 1 audio cassette =
Hence cost of 1 video cassette =
Page No 3.77:
Question 3:
Reena has pend and pencils which together are 40 in number. If she has 5 more pencils and 5 less pens, the number of pencils would become 4 times the number of pens. Find the original number of pens and pencils.
Answer:
Given:
(i) Total numbers of pens and pencils = 40.
(ii) If she has 5 more pencil and 5 less pens, the number of pencils would be 4 times the number of pen.
To find: Original number of pens and pencils.
Suppose original number of pencil = x
And original number of pen = y
According the given conditions, we have,
Thus we got the following system of linear equations
Substituting the value of y from equation 1 in equation 2 we get
Substituting the value of y in equation 1 we get
Hence we got the result number of pencils is and number of pens are
Page No 3.77:
Question 4:
4 tables and 3 chairs, together, cost Rs 2,250 and 3 tables and 4 chairs cost Rs 1950. Find the cost of 2 chairs and 1 table.
Answer:
Given:
(i) Cost of 4 tables and 3 chairs = Rs 2250.
(ii) Cost of 3 tables and 4 chairs = Rs 1950.
To find: The cost of 2 chairs and 1 table.
Suppose, the cost of 1 table = Rs x.
The cost of 1 chair = Rs y.
According to the given conditions,
4x + 3y = 2250,
4x + 3y − 2200 = 0 …… (1)
3x + 4y = 1950,
3x + 4y − 1950 = 0 …… (2)
Solving eq. (1) and Eq. (2) by cross multiplication
∴ cost of 1 chairs = Rs. 150.
Hence total cost of 2 chairs and 1 table =
Page No 3.77:
Question 5:
3 bags and 4 pens together cost Rs 257 whereas 4 bags and 3 pens together cost Rs 324. Find the total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens.
Answer:
Given:
(i) Cost of 3 bags and 4 pens = Rs. 257.
(ii) Cost of 4 bags and 3 pens = Rs. 324.
To Find: Cost of 1 bag and 10 pens.
Suppose, the cost of 1 bag = Rs. x.
and the cost 1 pen = Rs. y.
According to the given conditions, we have
3x + 4y = 257,
3x + 4y − 257 = 0 …… (1)
4x + 3y = 324
4x +3y − 324 = 0 …… (2)
Solving equation 1 and 2 by cross multiplication
Total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens =
Hence total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens =
Page No 3.77:
Question 6:
5 books and 7 pens together cost Rs 79 whereas 7 books and 5 pens together cost Rs 77. Find the total cost of 1 book and 2 pens.
Answer:
Given:
(i) Cost of 5 books and 7 pens = Rs. 79.
(ii) Cost of 7 books and 5 pens = Rs. 77.
To find: Cost of 1 book and 2 pens.
Suppose the cost of 1 book = Rs x.
and the cost of 1 pen = Rs y.
According to the given conditions, we have
5x + 7y = 79
5x + 7y − 79 = 0 …… (1)
7x + 5y = 77,
5x + 7y − 77 = 0 …… (2)
Thus we get the following system of linear equation,
Hence, the cost of 1 book = Rs 6
and the cost of 1 pen = Rs 7.
Therefore the cost of 2 pen = Rs 14.
Total cost of 1 book and 2 pens = 14 + 6 = 20
Total cost of 1 book and 2 pens =
Hence total cost of 1 book and 2 pens =
Page No 3.77:
Question 7:
A and B each have a certain number of mangoes. A says to B, "if you give 30 of your mangoes, I will have twice as many as left with you." B replies, "if you give me 10, I will have thrice as many as left with you." How many mangoes does each have?
Answer:
To find:
(1) Total mangoes of A.
(2) Total mangoes of B.
Suppose A has x mangoes and B has y mangoes,
According to the given conditions,
3x + 6y + 270 = 0 …… (3) and
Now adding eq.2 and eq.3
5y = 310
y =
Hence A has 34 mangoes and B has 62 mangoes.
Page No 3.77:
Question 8:
On selling a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, a shopkeeper gains Rs 2000. But if he sells the T.V. at 10% gain the fridge at 5% loss. He gains Rs 1500 on the transaction. Find the actual prices of T.V. and fridge.
Answer:
Given:
(i) On selling of a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, shopkeeper gain Rs.2000.
(ii) Selling T.V. at 10% gain and fridge at 5% loss. He gains Rs. 1500.
To find: Actual price of T.V. and fridge.
According to the question:
Hence we got the pair of equations
1x + 2y − 40000 = 0 …… (1)
2x − 1y − 30000 = 0 …… (2)
Solving the equation by cross multiplication method;
Cost of T.V. =
Cost of fridge =
Hence the cost of T.V. is and that of fridge is .
Page No 3.77:
Question 9:
The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3800. Later, he buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.
Answer:
Given: (i) 7 bats and 6balls cost is Rs3800
(ii) 3 bats and 5balls cost is Rs1750
To find: Cost of 1 bat and 1 ball
Let (i) the cost of 1 bat = Rs. x.
(ii) the cost of 1 ball = Rs. y.
According to the given conditions, we have
Thus, we get the following system of linear equation,
7x + 6y − 3800 = 0 …… (1)
3x + 5y − 1750 = 0 …… (2)
By using cross multiplication, we have
Hence cost of 1 bat =
Hence cost of 1 ball =
Page No 3.77:
Question 11:
A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Answer:
To find:
(1) the fixed charge
(2) The charge for each day
Let the fixed charge be Rs x
And the extra charge per day be Rs y.
According to the given conditions,
Subtracting equation 1 and 2 we get
Substituting the value of y in equation 1 we get
Hence the fixed charge is and the charge of each day
Page No 3.82:
Question 1:
The sum of two numbers is 8. If their sum is four times their difference, find the numbers.
Answer:
Let the numbers are x and y. One of them must be greater than or equal to the other. Let us assume that x is greater than or equal to y.
The sum of the two numbers is 8. Thus, we have
The sum of the two numbers is four times their difference. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Multiplying the first equation by 5 and then adding with the second equation, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the numbers are 5 and 3.
Page No 3.82:
Question 2:
The sum of digits of a two digit number is 13. If the number is subtracted from the one obtained by interchanging the digits, the result is 45. What is the number?
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The sum of the digits of the number is 13. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
The difference between the number obtained by interchanging the digits and the original number is 45. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.82:
Question 3:
A number consist of two digits whose sum is five. When the digits are reversed, the number becomes greater by nine. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The sum of the digits of the number is 5. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
The number obtained by interchanging the digits is greater by 9 from the original number. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.82:
Question 4:
The sum of digits of a two number is 15. The number obtained by reversing the order of digits of the given number exceeds the given number by 9. Find the given number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The sum of the digits of the number is 15. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
The number obtained by interchanging the digits is exceeding by 9 from the original number. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.83:
Question 5:
The sum of a two-digit number and the number formed by reversing the order of digit is 66. If the two digits differ by 2, find the number. How many such numbers are there?
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The two digits of the number are differing by 2. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
The sum of the numbers obtained by interchanging the digits and the original number is 66. Thus, we have
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
(i) First, we solve the system
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
(ii) Now, we solve the system
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
There are two such numbers.
Page No 3.83:
Question 6:
The sum of two numbers is 1000 and the difference between their squares is 256000. Find the numbers.
Answer:
Let the numbers are x and y. One of them must be greater than or equal to the other. Let us assume that x is greater than or equal to y.
The sum of the two numbers is 1000. Thus, we have
The difference between the squares of the two numbers is 256000. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the numbers are 628 and 372.
Page No 3.83:
Question 7:
The sum of a two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of its digits is 99. If the digits differ by 3, find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The two digits of the number are differing by 3. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
The sum of the numbers obtained by interchanging the digits and the original number is 99. Thus, we have
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
(i) First, we solve the system
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
(ii) Now, we solve the system
Adding the two equations, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Note that there are two such numbers.
Page No 3.83:
Question 8:
A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The number is 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have
So, we have the systems of equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Subtracting the first equation from the second, we have
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.83:
Question 9:
A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of its digits. If 8 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have
So, we have the systems of equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Subtracting the first equation from the second, we have
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.83:
Question 10:
A two-digit number is 4 more than 6 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is subtracted from the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The number is 4 more than 6 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
If 18 is subtracted from the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have
So, we have the systems of equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Multiplying the second equation by 5 and then subtracting from the first, we have
Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.83:
Question 11:
A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits and twice the product of the digits. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The number is 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
The number is twice the product of the digits. Thus, we have
So, we have the systems of equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Substituting in the second equation, we get
Or
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Note that the first pair of solution does not give a two digit number.
Page No 3.83:
Question 12:
A two-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 20. If 9 is added to the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The product of the two digits of the number is 20. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
If 9 is added to the number, the digits interchange their places. Thus, we have
So, we have the systems of equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Substituting from the second equation to the first equation, we get
Or
Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Note that in the first pair of solution the values of x and y are both negative. But, the digits of the number can’t be negative. So, we must remove this pair.
Page No 3.83:
Question 13:
The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them.
Answer:
Let the numbers are x and y. One of them must be greater than or equal to the other. Let us assume that x is greater than or equal to y.
The difference between the two numbers is 26. Thus, we have
One of the two numbers is three times the other number. Here, we are assuming that x is greater than or equal to y. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Substitutingfrom the second equation in the first equation, we get
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
Hence, the numbers are 39 and 13.
Page No 3.83:
Question 14:
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The sum of the two digits of the number is 9. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
Also, 9 times the number is equal to twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Thus, we have
So, we have the systems of equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
Substituting from the second equation to the first equation, we get
Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
Page No 3.83:
Question 15:
Seven times a two-digit number is equal to four times the number obtained by reversing the digits. If the difference between the digits is 3. Find the number.
Answer:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is.
The difference between the two digits of the number is 3. Thus, we have
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes.
Seven times the number is equal to four times the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Thus, we have
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of equations for x and y.
(i) First, we solve the system
Multiplying the first equation by 2 and then subtracting from the second equation, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the number is.
(ii) Now, we solve the system
Multiplying the first equation by 2 and then subtracting from the second equation, we have
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
But, the digits of the number can’t be negative. Hence, the second case must be removed.
Page No 3.85:
Question 1:
The numerator of a fraction is 4 less than the denominator. If the numerator is decreased by 2 and denominator is increased by 1, then the denominator is eight times the numerator. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
The numerator of the fraction is 4 less the denominator. Thus, we have
If the numerator is decreased by 2 and denominator is increased by 1, then the denominator is 8 times the numerator. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
Subtracting the second equation from the first equation, we get
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.85:
Question 2:
A fraction becomes 9/11 if 2 is added to both numerator and the denominator. If 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
If 2 is added to both numerator and the denominator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
If 3 is added to both numerator and the denominator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.85:
Question 3:
A fraction becomes 1/3 if 1 is subtracted from both its numerator and denominator. It 1 is added to both the numerator and denominator, it becomes 1/2. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
If 1 is subtracted from both numerator and the denominator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
If 1 is added to both numerator and the denominator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.85:
Question 4:
If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction becomes 1. It also becomes 1/2 if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
If 1 is added to the numerator and 1 is subtracted from the denominator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
If 1 is added to the denominator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 5:
If the numerator of a fraction is multiplied by 2 and the denominator is reduced by 5 the fraction becomes 6/5. And, if the denominator is doubled and the numerator is increased by 8, the fraction becomes 2/5. find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
If the numerator is multiplied by 2 and the denominator is reduced by 5, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
If the denominator is doubled and the numerator is increased by 8, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 6:
When 3 is added to the denominator and 2 is subtracted from the numerator a fraction becomes 1/4. And when 6 is added to numerator and the denominator is multiplied by 3, it becomes 2/3. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
If 3 is added to the denominator and 2 is subtracted from the numerator, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
If 6 is added to the numerator and the denominator is multiplied by 3, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 7:
The sum of a numerator and denominator of a fraction is 18. If the denominator is increased by 2, the fraction reduces to 1/3. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
The sum of the numerator and the denominator of the fraction is. Thus, we have
If the denominator is increased by 2, the fraction reduces to. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 8:
If 2 is added to the numerator of a fraction, it reduces to 1/2 and if 1 is subtracted from the denominator, it reduces to 1/3. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
If 2 is added to the numerator of the fraction, it reduces to. Thus, we have
If 1 is subtracted from the denominator, the fraction reduces to. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 9:
The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
The sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. Thus, we have
If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the ratio 2:3. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 10:
The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. If the numerator and denominator are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the denominator. Determine the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
The sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. Thus, we have
If the numerator and denominator are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the denominator. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.86:
Question 11:
The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 12. If the denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes 1/2. Find the fraction.
Answer:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
The sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction is 12. Thus, we have
If the denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes. Thus, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the fraction is.
Page No 3.88:
Question 1:
A father is three times as old as his son. After twelve years, his age will be twice as that of his son then. Find the their present ages.
Answer:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of son be y years.
Father is three times as old as his son. Thus, we have
After 12 years, father’s age will beyears and son’s age will beyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of father isyears and the present age of son isyears.
Page No 3.88:
Question 2:
Ten years later, A will be twice as old as B and five years ago, A was three times as old as B. What are the present ages of A and B?
Answer:
Let the present age of A be x years and the present age of B be y years.
After 10 years, A’s age will beyears and B’s age will beyears. Thus using the given information, we have
Before 5 years, the age of A wasyears and the age of B wasyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of A isyears and the present age of B isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 3:
A is elder to B by 2 years. A's father F is twice as old as A and B is twice as old as his sister S. If the ages of the father and sister differ by 40 years, find the age of A.
Answer:
Let the present ages of A, B, F and S be x, y, z and t years respectively.
A is elder to B by 2 years. Thus, we have
F is twice as old as A. Thus, we have
B is twice as old as S. Thus, we have
The ages of F and S is differing by 40 years. Thus, we have
So, we have four equations
……(1)
……(2)
……(3)
……(4)
Here x, y, z and t are unknowns. We have to find the value of x.
By using the third equation, the first equation becomes
From the fourth equation, we have
Hence, we have
Using the second equation, we have
Hence, the age of A isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 4:
Six years hence a man's age will be three times the age of his son and three years ago he was nine times as old as his son. Find their present ages.
Answer:
Let the present age of the man be x years and the present age of his son be y years.
After 6 years, the man’s age will beyears and son’s age will beyears. Thus using the given information, we have
Before 3 years, the age of the man wasyears and the age of son’s wasyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of the man isyears and the present age of son isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 5:
Ten years ago, a father was twelve times as old as his son and ten years hence, he will be twice as old as his son will be then. Find their present ages.
Answer:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son be y years.
After 10 years, father’s age will beyears and son’s age will beyears. Thus using the given information, we have
Before 10 years, the age of father wasyears and the age of son wasyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of father isyears and the present age of son isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 6:
The present age of a father is three years more than three times the age of the son. Three years hence father's age will be 10 years more than twice the age of the son. Determine their present ages.
Answer:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son be y years.
The present age of father is three years more than three times the age of the son. Thus, we have
After 3 years, father’s age will beyears and son’s age will beyears.
Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of father isyears and the present age of son isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 7:
A father is three times as old as his son. In 12 years time, he will be twice as old as his son. Find the present ages of father and the son.
Answer:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son be y years.
The present age of father is three times the age of the son. Thus, we have
After 12 years, father’s age will beyears and son’s age will beyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of father isyears and the present age of son isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 8:
Father's age is three times the sum of age of his two children. After 5 years his age will be twice the sum of ages of two children. Find the age of father.
Answer:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present ages of his two children’s be y and z years.
The present age of father is three times the sum of the ages of the two children’s. Thus, we have
After 5 years, father’s age will beyears and the children’s age will beandyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x, y and z are unknowns. We have to find the value of x.
Substituting the value offrom the first equation in the second equation, we have
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of father isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 9:
Two years ago, a father was five times as old as his son. Two year later, his age will be 8 more than three times the age of the son. Find the present ages of father and son.
Answer:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son be y years.
After 2 years, father’s age will beyears and the age of son will beyears. Thus using the given information, we have
Before 2 years, the age of father wasyears and the age of son wasyears. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of father isyears and the present age of son isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 10:
Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
Answer:
Let the present age of Nuri be x years and the present age of Sonu be y years.
After 10 years, Nuri’s age will be(x + 10) years and the age of Sonu will be(y + 10) years. Thus using the given information, we have
Before 5 years, the age of Nuri was(x – 5)years and the age of Sonu was(y – 5)years. Thus using the given information, we have
So, we have two equations
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
Hence, the present age of Nuri isyears and the present age of Sonu isyears.
Page No 3.89:
Question 11:
The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani's father Dharma is twice as old as Ani and Biju as twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the ages of Ani and Biju.
Answer:
Let the present ages of Ani, Biju, Dharam and Cathy be x, y, z and t years respectively.
The ages of Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Thus, we have
Dharam is twice as old as Ani. Thus, we have
Biju is twice as old as Cathy. Thus, we have
The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Clearly, Dharam is older than Cathy. Thus, we have
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations
(i)
(ii)
Here x, y, z and t are unknowns. We have to find the value of x and y.
(i) By using the third equation, the first equation becomes
From the fourth equation, we have
Hence, we have
Using the second equation, we have
From the first equation, we have
Hence, the age of Ani isyears and the age of Biju isyears.
(ii) By using the third equation, the first equation becomes
From the fourth equation, we have
Hence, we have
Using the second equation, we have
From the first equation, we have
Hence, the age of Ani isyears and the age of Biju isyears.
Note that there are two possibilities.
Page No 3.98:
Question 1:
Point A and B are 70 km. a part on a highway. A car starts from A and another car starts from B simultaneously. If they travel in the same direction, they meet in 7 hours, but if the travel towards each other, the meet in one hour. Find the speed of the two cars.
Answer:
We have to find the speed of car
Let and be two cars starting from pointsand respectively. Let the speed of car be x km/hr and that of carbe y km/hr.
Case I: When two cars move in the same directions:
Suppose two cars meet at point, Then,
Distance travelled by car
Distance travelled by car
It is given that two cars meet in 7 hours.
Therefore, Distance travelled by car X in hours = km
Distance traveled by car y in 7 hours = km
Clearly
Dividing both sides by common factor 7 we get,
Case II : When two cars move in opposite direction
Suppose two cars meet at point. Then,
Distance travelled by car,
Distance travelled by car.
In this case, two cars meet in 1 hour
Therefore Distance travelled by car X in1 hour km
Distance travelled by car Y in 1 hour km
From the above clearly,
...(ii)
By solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
Substituting in equation (ii) we get
Hence, the speed of car starting from point A is
The speed of car starting from point B is.
Page No 3.98:
Question 2:
A sailor goes 8 km downstream in 40 minutes and returns in 1 hours. Determine the speed of the sailor in still water and the speed of the current.
Answer:
Let the speed of the sailor in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the current be y km/hr
Speed upstream
Speed downstream
Now, Time taken to cover 8km down stream =
Time taken to cover 8km upstream=
But, time taken to cover 8 km downstream in 40 minutes or that is
Dividing both sides by common factor 2 we get
Time taken to cover 8km upstream in1hour
...(ii)
By solving these equation and we get
Substitute in equationwe get
Hence, the speed of sailor is
The speed of current is
Page No 3.98:
Question 3:
The boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km upstream and 55 km downstream. Determine the speed of stream and that of the boat in still water.
Answer:
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the stream be y km/hr
Speed upstream =km/hr
Speed down stream =km/hr
Now,
Time taken to cover 30 km upstream = hrs
Time taken to cover 44 km down stream = hrs
But total time of journey is 10 hours
Time taken to cover 40 km upstream=
Time taken to cover 55 km down stream =
In this case total time of journey is given to be 13 hours
Therefore, ...(ii)
Putting = u and in equation and we get
Solving these equations by cross multiplication we get
and
Now,
By solving equation and we get ,
Substituting in equation we get ,
Hence, speed of the boat in still water is
Speed of the stream is
Page No 3.98:
Question 4:
A boat goes 24 km upstream and 28 km downstream in 6 hrs. It goes 30 km upstream and 21 km downstream in . Find the speed of the boat in still water and also speed of the stream.
Answer:
We have to find the speed of the boat in still water and speed of the stream
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the stream be y km/hr then
Speed upstream
Sped down stream
Now, Time taken to cover km down stream =
Time taken to cover km upstream =
But, total time of journey is 6 hours
Time taken to cover km upstream =
Time taken to cover km down stream =
In this case total time of journey is given to or
...(ii)
By and in equation (i) and (ii) we get
Solving these equations by cross multiplication we get
and
and
Now,
and
By solving equation and we get,
By substituting in equation we get
Hence, the speed of the stream is
The speed of boat is
Page No 3.98:
Question 5:
While covering a distance of 30 km. Ajeet takes 2 hours more than Amit. If Ajeet doubles his speed, he would take 1 hour less than Amit. Find their speeds of walking.
Answer:
Let the speed of Ajeet and Amit be x Km/hr respectively. Then,
Time taken by Ajeet to cover
Time taken by Amit to cover
By the given conditions, we have
If Ajeet doubles his speed, then speed of Ajeet is
Time taken by Ajeet to cover
Time taken by Amit to cover
According to the given condition, we have
...(ii)
Putting and, in equation (i) and (ii), we get
Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
Putting in equation (iii), we get
Now,
and
Hence, the speed of Ajeet is
The speed of Amit is
Page No 3.98:
Question 6:
A man walks a certain distance with certain speed. If he walks 1/2 km an hour faster, he takes 1 hour less. But, if he walks 1 km an hour slower, he takes 3 more hours. Find the distance covered by the man and his original rate of walking.
Answer:
Let the actual speed of the train be x Km/hr and the actual time taken by y hours. Then,
Distance covered=
If the speed is increased by, then time of journey is reduced by 1 hour i.e., when speed is , time of journey is
Distance covered= km
...(ii)
When the speed is reduced by, then the time of journey is increased by i.e., when speed is, time of journey is
Distance covered =
Thus we obtain the following equations
By using elimination method, we have
Putting the value in equation (iii) we get
Putting the value of x and y in equations (i) we get
Distance covered =
=
Hence, the distance is,
The speed of walking is .
Page No 3.98:
Question 7:
Ramesh travels 760 km to his home partly by train and partly by car. He takes 8 hours if he travels 160 km. by train and the rest by car. He takes 12 minutes more if the travels 240 km by train and the rest by car. Find the speed of the train and car respectively.
Answer:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hour that of the car be y km/hr, we have the following cases
Case I: When Ramesh travels 760 Km by train and the rest by car
Time taken by Ramesh to travel 160 Km by train =
Time taken by Ramesh to travel (760-160) =600 Km by car =
Total time taken by Ramesh to cover 760Km = +
It is given that total time taken in 8 hours
Case II: When Ramesh travels 240Km by train and the rest by car
Time taken by Ramesh to travel 240 Km by train =
Time taken by Ramesh to travel (760-240) =520Km by car =
In this case total time of the journey is 8 hours 12 minutes
...(ii)
Putting and, , the equations and reduces to
Multiplying equation (iii) by 6 and (iv)by 20 the above system of equation becomes
Subtracting equation from we get
Putting in equation, we get
Now
and
Hence, the speed of the train is ,
The speed of the car is .
Page No 3.98:
Question 8:
A man travels 600 km partly by train and partly by car. If the covers 400 km by train and the rest by car, it takes him 6 hours 30 minutes. But, if the travels 200 km by train and the rest by car, he takes half an hour longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the car.
Answer:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr that of the car be y km/hr, we have the following cases:
Case I: When a man travels 600Km by train and the rest by car
Time taken by a man to travel 400 Km by train =
Time taken by a man to travel (600-400) =200Km by car =hrs
Total time taken by a man to cover 600Km =
It is given that total time taken in 8 hours
Case II: When a man travels 200Km by train and the rest by car
Time taken by a man to travel 200 Km by train =
Time taken by a man to travel (600-200) = 400 Km by car
In this case, total time of the journey in 6 hours 30 minutes + 30 minutes that is 7 hours,
...(ii)
Putting and, , the equations and reduces to
Multiplying equation (iii) by 6 the above system of equation becomes
Substituting equation and, we get
Putting in equation, we get
Now
and
Hence, the speed of the train is,
The speed of the car is.
Page No 3.98:
Question 9:
Places A and B are 80 km apart from each other on a highway. A car starts from A and other from B at the same time. If they move in the same direction, they meet in 8 hours and if they move in opposite directions, they meet in 1 hour and 20 minutes. Find the speeds of the cars.
Answer:
Let x and y be two cars starting from points A and B respectively.
Let the speed of the car X be x km/hr and that of the car Y be y km/hr.
Case I: When two cars move in the same directions:
Suppose two cars meet at point Q, then,
Distance travelled by car X = AQ
Distance travelled by car Y = BQ
It is given that two cars meet in 8 hours.
Distance travelled by car X in 8 hours =km
AQ=
Distance travelled by car Y in 8 hours =km
BQ =
Clearly AQ-BQ = AB
Both sides divided by 8, we get
Case II: When two cars move in opposite direction
Suppose two cars meet at point P, then,
Distance travelled by X car X=AP
Distance travelled by Y car Y=BP
In this case, two cars meet in 1 hour 20 minutes, we can write it as 1 hour or
hours that is hours.
Therefore,
Distance travelled by car y in hours = km
Distance travelled by car y in hours = km
...(ii)
By solving (i) and (ii) we get,
By substituting in equation (ii), we get
Hence, speed of car X is , speed of car Y is.
Page No 3.98:
Question 10:
A boat goes 12 km upstream and 40 km downstream in 8 hours. I can go 16 km upstream and 32 km downstream in the same time. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.
Answer:
We have to find the speed of the boat in still water and speed of the stream
Let the speed of the boat in still water be km/hr and the speed of the stream be km/hr then
Speed upstream
Sped down stream
Now, Time taken to cover km upstream =
Time taken to cover km down stream =
But, total time of journey is 8 hours
Time taken to cover km upstream =
Time taken to cover km down stream =
In this case total time of journey is given to
...(ii)
By and in equation (i) and (ii) we get
Solving these equations by cross multiplication we get
and
and
Now,
and
By solving equation and we get,
By substituting in equation we get
Hence, the speed of boat in still water is ,
The speed of the stream is.
Page No 3.99:
Question 11:
Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.
Answer:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hour that of the bus be y km/hr, we have the following cases
Case I: When Roohi travels 300 Km by train and the rest by bus
Time taken by Roohi to travel 60 Km by train =
Time taken by Roohi to travel (300-60) =240 Km by bus =
Total time taken by Roohi to cover 300Km= +
It is given that total time taken in 4 hours
Case II: When Roohi travels 100 km by train and the rest by bus
Time taken by Roohi to travel 100 Km by train =
Time taken by Roohi to travel (300-100) =200Km by bus =
In this case total time of the journey is 4 hours 10 minutes
...(i)
Putting and, , the equations and reduces to
Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii)we get
Putting in equation (iii), we get
Now
and
Hence, the speed of the train is,
The speed of the bus is.
Page No 3.99:
Question 12:
Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current.
Answer:
Let the speed of rowing in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the current be y km/hr
Speed upstream
Speed downstream
Now,
Time taken to cover km down stream =
Time taken to cover km upstream =
But, time taken to cover km downstream in
Time taken to cover km upstream in 2 hours
...(i)
By solving these equation (i) and (ii) we get
Substitute in equation (i)we get
Hence, the speed of rowing in still water is,
The speed of current is .4 km/ hr
Page No 3.99:
Question 13:
A takes 3 hours more than B to walk a distance of 30 km. But, if A doubles his pace (speed) he is ahead of B by hours. Find the speeds of A and B.
Answer:
Let the speed of A and B be x Km/hr and y Km/hr respectively. Then,
Time taken by A to cover ,
And, Time taken by B to cover .
By the given conditions, we have
If A doubles his pace, then speed of A is
Time taken by A to cover ,
Time taken by B to cover .
According to the given condition, we have
Putting and, in equation (i) and (ii), we get
Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get,
Putting in equation (iii), we get
Now,
and,
Hence, the A’s speed is,
The B’s speed is.
Page No 3.99:
Question 14:
Abdul travelled 300 km by train and 200 km by taxi, it took him 5 hours 30 minutes. But if he travels 260 km by train and 240 km by taxi he takes 6 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the taxi.
Answer:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hour that of the taxi be y km/hr, we have the following cases
Case I: When Abdul travels 300 Km by train and the 200 Km by taxi
Time taken by Abdul to travel 300 Km by train =
Time taken by Abdul to travel 200 Km by taxi =
Total time taken by Abdul to cover 500 Km =
It is given that total time taken in 5 hours 30 minutes
Case II: When Abdul travels 260 Km by train and the 240 km by taxi
Time taken by Abdul to travel 260 Km by train =
Time taken by Abdul to travel 240 Km by taxi =
In this case total time of the journey is 5 hours 36 minutes
Putting and, , the equations and reduces to
Multiplying equation by 6 the above system of equation becomes
Subtracting equation from we get
Putting in equation, we get
Now
and
Hence, the speed of the train is ,
The speed of the taxi is .
Page No 3.99:
Question 15:
A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train could have been 10 km/hr. faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than the scheduled time. And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr; it would have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the distance covered by the train.
Answer:
Let the actual speed of the train be and the actual time taken by y hours. Then,
Distance covered=
If the speed is increased by, then time of journey is reduced by 2 hours
when speed is , time of journey is
Distance covered=
When the speed is reduced by, then the time of journey is increased by when speed is, time of journey is
Distance covered=
Thus, we obtain the following system of equations:
By using cross multiplication, we have
Putting the values of x and y in equation (i), we obtain
Distance=
Hence, the length of the journey is .
Page No 3.99:
Question 16:
Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of two cars.
Answer:
Let x and y be two cars starting from points A and B respectively.
Let the speed of the car X be x km/hr and that of the car Y be y km/hr.
Case I: When two cars move in the same directions:
Suppose two cars meet at point Q, then,
Distance travelled by car X=AQ
Distance travelled by car Y=BQ
It is given that two cars meet in 5 hours.
Distance travelled by car X in 5 hours =km AQ=
Distance travelled by car Y in 5 hours =km BQ=
Clearly AQ-BQ = AB
Both sides divided by 5, we get
Case II: When two cars move in opposite direction
Suppose two cars meet at point P, then,
Distance travelled by X car X=AP
Distance travelled by Y car Y=BP
In this case, two cars meet in 1 hour
Therefore,
Distance travelled by car y in1 hours = km
Distance travelled by car y in 1 hours = km
By solving (i) and (ii) we get,
By substituting in equation (ii), we get
Hence, speed of car X is , speed of car Y is.
View NCERT Solutions for all chapters of Class 10