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Explain the advance sunrise and delayed sunset ?

During the morning and evening time, the atmosphere will contain more colloidal particles. Due to this, when the sun rises, we only see its apparent position and not the actual sun. The actual sun rises after 2 minutes. During sunset, the sun sets before 2 minutes after which the apparent sun sets. The important reason is "Atmospheric Refraction".

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Before the sun rises and after it sets, It is below horizon. But, due to atmospheric refraction it appears two min before rise and two min after sunset

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the apperent shift in the directionn of sun from its original direction is 0.5 degree and the time difference b?W actual sunrise and apparent sunrise is 2 minutes. this makes the sun visible 2 mins. before it comes out of the horizon ie. advanced sunrise . the same result is obtained during the sunset. the sun can be seen upto 2 mins. of its actual setting.ie.delayed sunrise.thus the day appears to belonger than 4 mins.

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