short notes on the chapter... our environment and management of natural resources
Robin answered this
Pesticides are useful to farmers yet considered as pollutants. Given reasons.
What are the probable damages due to ozone layer depletion?
Due to ozone layer depletion, ultraviolet rays reach the earth and cause certain ill-effects which are bad for us and for crops.
(i) Exposure to UV rays can lead to greater incidence of skin cancer, cataracts or other damages to the eye and immune deficiency.
(ii) An excess of ultraviolet light decreases crop yield and reduce population of phytoplankton, zooplankton and certain fish larvae that are important constituents of aquatic food chains.
(iii) It may also disturb global rainfall, causing ecological disturbances and bring about reduction in global food supplies.
What is coliform?
Ozone is deadly poisonous; still it performs an essential function. How?
How is depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere responsible for causing skin cancer?
Ultraviolet rays can pass through ozone hole and causes skin cancer.
Use of paper bags is more environment friendly than the use of polythene bags for packaging. Justify.
State one advantage of using disposable paper cups over disposable plastic cups?
Why has there been a large hue and cry against the use of CFCs?
Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
S.No | Bi odegr a d a b le w a ste | N on- b iodegr a d a b le w aste |
1 | The substances that are easily decomposed by microorganisms.
| The substances that are not decomposed by microorganisms. |
2 | These substances easily mix with the soil after short interval of time. E.g. paper | These substances are not able to mix with the soil even after a long interval of time. E.g. plastic |
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Divya Janjua answered this
Our Environment
Our environment consists of following components:
1. Biotic Component: All living being
2. Abiotic Component: Soil, Gases, Minerals
Every abiotic component is in fixed quantity in the environment. Natural system is made in a way which helps prevent the misuse of abiotic component and facilitates a cycle which helps the return of all abiotic component to the environment.
Ecology: All biotic and abiotic components function under perfect harmony to ensure a balance in the environment. This is possible because of interdependency all living and non-living form on this earth. This is system is called as ecological system.
Energy Cycle or Food Cycle: Sun is the main source of energy and green plants are the ones which harness this energy. This energy is transferred to other living being through an elaborate and complex food chain.
Through the food chain apart from energy, other abiotic components like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. also move in the ecological system. Ultimately when a plant or animal dies, decomposers, like bacteria, decompose their bodies and all the abiotic components return to the environment. That is how the natural cycle of conservation goes on.
Mankind 's Bad Effects on Environment:
Man is consuming all natural resources in a mindless way. Burning of fossil fuel is creating heavy pollution.
1. High concentration of Carbon Dioxide is creating greenhouse effect, resulting in hihger average temperature across the globe.
2. Chlorofluorocarbon being used in refrigerators, ACs and pressurised cans has caused hole in the ozone layer of atmosphere. Ozone layer protects the earth from ultraviolet rays from the sun.
3. Use of no-biodegradable materials like polythene is choking the ground. It will reduce the soil fertility. It may hamper in recharging of underground water reservoir.
Preventive Steps Needed to Protect the Environment:
1. Use of renewable energy sources.
2. Use of Bio-degradable packing materials.
3. Recycle as many things as possible.
4. Reuse things as many times as possible.
5. Reduce energy consumption.
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Major Natural Resources:
(i) Water
(ii) Forest
(iii) Soil
(iv) Fossil Fuel
(v) Sunlight
(vi) Air
Management: Management of natural resources can involve judicious use, reduction of wastage and proper recycling. As most of the natural resources are limited in quantity so we should take every possible step to prevent their exhaustion.
Even those resources which are available in plenty, like sunlight and air, need to be preserved from pollution.
Proper management will ensure that we would leave a conducive environment for our future generations.
Water:
Source of Potable Water: Rivers, Lakes and Underground Reservoir.
Source of Water Pollution: Industrial Effluents, Sewage
Sewage in most of the cities in India flows into rivers or nearby ponds polluting the water. Some of the sewage percolates down to pollute even the underwater reservoir. Depletion of Underground Water: Excess exploitation of underground water by bore wells is a major cause of depletion of underground water reservoir.
Remedies:
(I) Sewage treatment plants should be utilized to prevent water pollution. Sewage treatment plant filters out all the muck and cleanses water before releasing it into the river.
(II) Ban on bore wells will help reduce depletion of underground water reservoir. Like UK water supply can be privatized to ensure adequate supply of drinking water to masses. This will reduce the need for private bore wells.
(III) Rainwater Harvesting is a process of catching rainwater and allow it to seep down the ground which helps recharge the underground water reservoir.
Forest:
Benefits:
1. Forest is necessary to maintain the biodiversity and ecological balance of the earth.
2. Trees help prevent soil erosion.
3. Trees balances the excess Carbon Dioxide during photosynthesis, reducing greenhouse effect.
4. Forest is a source of livelihood for tribes.
Causes of Deforestation:
1. Increasing human need for land for residential, commercial and agricultural purpose.
2. Need of timber for construction, furniture and industrial use.
Remedies:
Find a proper balance to address the need of all who are dependent on forest. Conserve forests to conserve biodiversity.
Three Way Approach of Natural Resource Management:
Reduce: Reduce usage of natural resources. Avoid going by car to short distances, this will help preserve the fossil fuel. Reduce use of plastic bags can help in minimizing garbage.
Recycle & Reuse: Recycle as much as possible. Biodegradable packing materials, like jute bags, should be used instead of polythene bags. Indians are the best at recycling and reusing newspaper. Paper bags made of old newspaper should be used as extensively as possible. Aluminium cans, paper, glass, etc. should be recycled to make new items.
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Robin answered this
What is Chipko Movement? Why should we conserve forests?
We should conserve forest because the trees hold soil, prevents floods, brings rainfall, and thus maintains ecological balance on the earth.
What is reuse among the 3 R 's? Reuse strategy is considered betterr than the recycling strategy. Why?
(a) The increase in demand for fossil fuels is affecting our environment adversely. Justify this statement.
(b) Why is LPG considered a better fuel than coal?
(b) LPG donot produce smoke while burning so it is considered a better fuel.
(a) How does formation of coal and petroleum occur?
(b) Name any two products formed when fossil fuels are burnt.
(a) Coal and petroleum are formed by degradation of biomass buried over millions of years ago.
(b) Products which are formed when fossil fuels are burnt:
CO2, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur.(any two)
(a) How the 'Chipko andolan ' ultimately benefit the local population?
(b) Why should we conserve wild life?
(b) Conservation of wild life helps in maintaining the ecological balance of biosphere and provides a gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals.
What is the importance of a watershed management system?
The importance of watershed management system is-
i. It results in conservation of both water and soil.
ii. It is helpful in increasing the biomass production.
iii. It controls excess of droughts and floods.
iv. It maintains ecological balance in nature.
What is water harvesting? Mention any two water harvesting structures.
(i) Khadin System in Rajasthan (ii) Kullhs in Himachal Pradesh.
The construction of large dams leads to (i) social and (ii) environmental problems.List two problems in each case.
(b) Environmental problems - They contribute enormously to deforestation and loss of biological diversity.
Sate two reasons for launching the "Ganga Action Plan". Which bacteria wasfound in Ganga water indicating contamination?
Reasons of launching the "Ganga Action Plan":
(a) Due to the poor quality of the river water
(b) Increased presence of disease causing organisms in the water.
Coliform bacteria was found in Ganga water indicating its contamination.
Water harvesting structures are mostly ‘crescent’ shaped earthen embankments or sometimes low straight concrete and rubble ‘check dams’. These structures are filled by the rains and remain available for use generally throughout the year.
Fresh water is mainly provided by the ground water.
Why we must conserve our forests? List any two causes for deforestation taking place.
Forests are renewable natural resources which are essential for ecological balance of ecosystems. They maintain biological diverstiy, preserve foods and safeguard future of tribals, besides providing valuable product for human welfare and raw materials for industries.
Two causes for deforestation are:
(i) Indiscriminate felling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel and industrial demand of wood.
(ii) Over-grazing by a large livestock population.
With the help of an example, explain how involvement of local people can lead to efficient management of forests.
List any four stakeholders which may help in the conservation of forests.
(a) Local people living in villages near forest area.
(b) Industrialists using the forest products.
(c) Wildlife and nature enthusiasts
(d) Forest department of the government.
To save our environment and to maintain ecological balance in nature rule of 3R’s should be implemented while using resources. It means:
i. Reduce: We have to reduce the excess use of resources when not required to avoid their wastage.
ii. Recycle: Used resources like plastic, paper etc should be recycled.
iii. Reuse: Reuse of sources should be encouraged as it will also conserve the resources.
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Rk answered this
Our environment consists of following components:
1. Biotic Component:All living being
2. Abiotic Component:Soil, Gases, Minerals
Every abiotic component is in fixed quantity in the environment. Natural system is made in a way which helps prevent the misuse of abiotic component and facilitates a cycle which helps the return of all abiotic component to the environment.
Ecology:All biotic and abiotic components function under perfect harmony to ensure a balance in the environment. This is possible because of interdependency all living and non-living form on this earth. This is system is called as ecological system.
Energy Cycle or Food Cycle:Sun is the main source of energy and green plants are the ones which harness this energy. This energy is transferred to other living being through an elaborate and complex food chain.
Through the food chain apart from energy, other abiotic components like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. also move in the ecological system. Ultimately when a plant or animal dies, decomposers, like bacteria, decompose their bodies and all the abiotic components return to the environment. That is how the natural cycle of conservation goes on.
Mankind 's Bad Effects on Environment:
Man is consuming all natural resources in a mindless way. Burning of fossil fuel is creating heavy pollution.
1. High concentration of Carbon Dioxide is creating greenhouse effect, resulting in hihger average temperature across the globe.
2. Chlorofluorocarbon being used in refrigerators, ACs and pressurised cans has caused hole in the ozone layer of atmosphere. Ozone layer protects the earth from ultraviolet rays from the sun.
3. Use of no-biodegradable materials like polythene is choking the ground. It will reduce the soil fertility. It may hamper in recharging of underground water reservoir.
Preventive Steps Needed to Protect the Environment:
1. Use of renewable energy sources.
2. Use of Bio-degradable packing materials.
3. Recycle as many things as possible.
4. Reuse things as many times as possible.
5. Reduce energy consumption.
MANAGEMENT OF NATURALRESOURCESMajor Natural Resources:
(i) Water
(ii) Forest
(iii) Soil
(iv) Fossil Fuel
(v) Sunlight
(vi) Air
Management:Management of natural resources can involve judicious use, reduction of wastage and proper recycling. As most of the natural resources are limited in quantity so we should take every possible step to prevent their exhaustion.
Even those resources which are available in plenty, like sunlight and air, need to be preserved from pollution.
Proper management will ensure that we would leave a conducive environment for our future generations.
Water:
Source of Potable Water:Rivers, Lakes and Underground Reservoir.
Source of Water Pollution:Industrial Effluents, Sewage
Sewage in most of the cities in India flows into rivers or nearby ponds polluting the water. Some of the sewage percolates down to pollute even the underwater reservoir. Depletion of Underground Water: Excess exploitation of underground water by bore wells is a major cause of depletion of underground water reservoir.
Remedies:
(I) Sewage treatment plants should be utilized to prevent water pollution. Sewage treatment plant filters out all the muck and cleanses water before releasing it into the river.
(II) Ban on bore wells will help reduce depletion of underground water reservoir. Like UK water supply can be privatized to ensure adequate supply of drinking water to masses. This will reduce the need for private bore wells.
(III) Rainwater Harvesting is a process of catching rainwater and allow it to seep down the ground which helps recharge the underground water reservoir.
Forest:
Benefits:
1. Forest is necessary to maintain the biodiversity and ecological balance of the earth.
2. Trees help prevent soil erosion.
3. Trees balances the excess Carbon Dioxide during photosynthesis, reducing greenhouse effect.
4. Forest is a source of livelihood for tribes.
Causes of Deforestation:
1. Increasing human need for land for residential, commercial and agricultural purpose.
2. Need of timber for construction, furniture and industrial use.
Remedies:
Find a proper balance to address the need of all who are dependent on forest. Conserve forests to conserve biodiversity.
Three Way Approach of Natural Resource Management:
Reduce:Reduce usage of natural resources. Avoid going by car to short distances, this will help preserve the fossil fuel. Reduce use of plastic bags can help in minimizing garbage.
Recycle Reuse:Recycle as much as possible. Biodegradable packing materials, like jute bags, should be used instead of polythene bags. Indians are the best at recycling and reusing newspaper. Paper bags made of old newspaper should be used as extensively as possible. Aluminium cans, paper, glass, etc. should be recycled to make new items.
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A.s.kesavan answered this
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Namrata Bhirud answered this
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Raksha answered this
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