what are the evidences that decides evolutionery relationships
Evolutionary relationships can be decided by the following evidences:
Analogous organs: Analogous organs are organs which perform the similar functions in different organisms but have different structural plans. Ex. Wings of insects and birds.
Homologous organs: These are the structures that have same basic structural plan but the function is different in different organisms. This shows a common evolutionary relationship between organs of different groups. Ex. Arm of humans and wings of bats.
Vestigial organs: these are the organs or remnants of organs which were once functional but now are not functioning. Ex. Pelvis of a whale or nictitating membrane in humans.
Adaptive radiation: This is the speciation starting from a single organism due to changes in environmental conditions owing to adaptation. Ex. Darwin’s finches in Galapagos Island.
Analogous organs: Analogous organs are organs which perform the similar functions in different organisms but have different structural plans. Ex. Wings of insects and birds.
Homologous organs: These are the structures that have same basic structural plan but the function is different in different organisms. This shows a common evolutionary relationship between organs of different groups. Ex. Arm of humans and wings of bats.
Vestigial organs: these are the organs or remnants of organs which were once functional but now are not functioning. Ex. Pelvis of a whale or nictitating membrane in humans.
Adaptive radiation: This is the speciation starting from a single organism due to changes in environmental conditions owing to adaptation. Ex. Darwin’s finches in Galapagos Island.