what is polar and non-polar molecule

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Anuradha Puri answered this

Polar molecules – the molecules in which electron distribution is not uniform between the bonded atoms are known as polar molecules. The more electronegative atom acquires a partial negative charge and a less electronegative atom acquires a partial positive charge. Example: H⁺Cl^-

Non-polar molecules- the molecules in which electron distribution is uniform between the bonded atoms are known as non- polar molecules.The electronegativity difference between two different atoms bonded together is very less in this case.Example: H₂, CH₄ etc.

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Happy Indhu answered this

Polar molecules

Chemical bonding is the result of either an atom sharing one or more outer orbit electrons with another atom or an atom taking outer orbit electrons from the atom with which it is bonding. Normally, an atom has an even distribution of electrons in the orbits or shells, but if more end up on one side that the other in a molecule, there can be a resulting electrical field in that area.

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Water

Water is a polar molecule because of the way the atoms bind in the molecule such that there are excess electrons on the Oxygen side and a lack or excess of positive charges on the Hydrogen side of the molecule.

Water is a polar molecule

Water is a polar molecule with positive charges
on one side and negative on the other

Gases

Examples of polar molecules of materials that are gases under standard conditions are: Ammonia (NH₃), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S).

Non-polar molecules

A non-polar molecule is one that the electrons are distributed more symmetrically and thus does not have an abundance of charges at the opposite sides. The charges all cancel out each other.

Non-polar Carbon Dioxide

The electrical charges in non-polar Carbon Dioxide are evenly distributed

Liquids

Most hydrocarbons are non-polar molecules. Examples include Toluene and Gasoline. (SeeHydrocarbon Bonding for more information.)

Gases

Common examples of non-polar gases are the noble or inert gases, including Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Krypton (Kr) and Xenon (Xe). Other non-polar gases include the Hydrogen (H₂), Nitrogen (N₂), Oxygen (O₂), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄) and Ethylene (C₂H₄) molecules.

Aneesa Attaullah answered this

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair
Example: In H-H each H atom has an electronegativity value of 2.1, therefore the covalent bond between them is considered nonpolar

Polar Covalent Bond

A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair
Example: In H-Cl, the electronegativity of the Cl atom is 3.0, while that of the H atom is 2.1
The result is a bond where the electron pair is displaced toward the more electronegative atom. This atom then obtains a partial-negative charge while the less electronegative atom has a partial-positive charge.This separation of charge or bond dipole can be illustrated using an arrow with the arrowhead directed toward the more electronegative atom.