Match, theitalicised phrases in Column A withthe phrase nearest meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for thesentence in the text which the phrase in column A occurs.)
A
B
1.
I was not unmindful of the fact.
(i)
had not forgotten: was aware of the fact
(ii)
was not careful about the fact
(iii)
forgot or was not aware of the fact
2.
When my comrades and I were pushed to our limits
pushed by the guards to the wall
took more than our share of beatings
felt that we could not endure the suffering any longer
3.
To reassure me and keep me going
make me go on walking
help me continue to live in hope in this very difficult situation
make me remain without complaining
4.
The basic and honourable freedoms of … earning my keep…
earning enough money to live on
keeping what I earned
getting a good salary
Here are somemore examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to saywhat these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish.Look at the entry for ‘the’)
1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah RukhKhans to his parties.
2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of ourtimes.
3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons andthe Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.
There are nouns inthe text (formation,government)which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form,govern) bysuffixing − (at)ionor ment.There may be change in the spelling of some verb − noun pairs:such as rebel,rebellion;constitute,constitution.
1. Make a list of suchpairs of nouns and verbs in the text.
Noun
Verb
rebellion
rebel
constitution
constitute
2. Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the nounforms of the verbs in brackets.
MartinLuther King’s __________ (contribute) to our history as anoutstanding leader began when he came to the __________ (assist) ofRosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus toa white passenger. In those days American Blackswere confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictivelaws and customs. To break these laws would mean __________(subjugate) and __________ (humiliate) by the police and the legalsystem. Beatings, __________ (imprison) and sometimes death awaitedthose who defied the System. Martin Lither King’s tactics ofprotest involved non-violent __________ (resist) to racial injustice.
How did Mandela’s‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?
How did Mandela’sunderstanding of freedom change with age and experience?
Would you agree thatthe “depths of oppression” create “heights ofcharacter? How does Mandela illustratethis? Can you add your own examples to this argument?
What does Mandela meanwhen he says he is “simply the sum of all those Africanpatriots” who had gone before him?
I was a bank standing in a queue. The wait was long and was quite bored. Suddenly two masked men entered the bank with pistola in there hands.
1. What does Nelson Mandela mean by courage ?
2. Describe Nelson Mandela's childhood ?
3. What are the twin obligations of a man ?
4.What freedoms did he wants as a student?
5.What freedom did he want as a young man ?
Match, theitalicised phrases in Column A withthe phrase nearest meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for thesentence in the text which the phrase in column A occurs.)
A
B
1.
I was not unmindful of the fact.
(i)
had not forgotten: was aware of the fact
(ii)
was not careful about the fact
(iii)
forgot or was not aware of the fact
2.
When my comrades and I were pushed to our limits
(i)
pushed by the guards to the wall
(ii)
took more than our share of beatings
(iii)
felt that we could not endure the suffering any longer
3.
To reassure me and keep me going
(i)
make me go on walking
(ii)
help me continue to live in hope in this very difficult situation
(iii)
make me remain without complaining
4.
The basic and honourable freedoms of … earning my keep…
(i)
earning enough money to live on
(ii)
keeping what I earned
(iii)
getting a good salary
Here are somemore examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to saywhat these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish.Look at the entry for ‘the’)
1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah RukhKhans to his parties.
2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of ourtimes.
3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons andthe Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.
There are nouns inthe text (formation,government)which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form,govern) bysuffixing − (at)ionor ment.There may be change in the spelling of some verb − noun pairs:such as rebel,rebellion;constitute,constitution.
1. Make a list of suchpairs of nouns and verbs in the text.
Noun
Verb
rebellion
rebel
constitution
constitute
2. Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the nounforms of the verbs in brackets.
MartinLuther King’s __________ (contribute) to our history as anoutstanding leader began when he came to the __________ (assist) ofRosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus toa white passenger. In those days American Blackswere confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictivelaws and customs. To break these laws would mean __________(subjugate) and __________ (humiliate) by the police and the legalsystem. Beatings, __________ (imprison) and sometimes death awaitedthose who defied the System. Martin Lither King’s tactics ofprotest involved non-violent __________ (resist) to racial injustice.
How did Mandela’s‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?
How did Mandela’sunderstanding of freedom change with age and experience?
Would you agree thatthe “depths of oppression” create “heights ofcharacter? How does Mandela illustratethis? Can you add your own examples to this argument?
What does Mandela meanwhen he says he is “simply the sum of all those Africanpatriots” who had gone before him?