0,How did the non-cooperation movement unfold ? Who participated in it ? How did different social groups conceive of the idea of Non-cooperation ? - How was satyagraha powerful yet it was a non-violent weapon ? Why ?
- What were the various objectives of satyagraha !?
- Enlist the initial satyagraha movement organised by mahatma gandhi in various places ?
- Why did Gandhi decide to launch nationwide satyagraha ? Explain.
- Describe the nationwide satyagraha movement of 1919.
- Explain the jallianwalla bagh massacre.
- Why did gandhi call off the satyagraha ?
- What were the oppressive measures taken by the britishers to supress the rowlatt act reactions ?
- WHy did the Non-cooperation movement in the cities gradually slow down ?
- HWen and how was the Non-cooperation movement launchd by Mahatma gandhi ?
- What was the impact of goverment of india act of 1919 ?
- Write a short note on Simon commission.
- Explain the significance of lahore session of congress of 1929 ?
- How did thebritish government oppress the Civil disobedience movement ?
- Why did the social groups join the Civil disobedience movement > What were their ideals ? what did swaraj mean to them ?
- Why and how did mahatma gandhi relaunch Civil disobedience movement in 1931 ?
- What were the limitations of Civil disobedience movement ?
- Describe the role of Ambedkar to allot reservation for dalits in legislature ?
- Why did muslim community feel that they were alienated from the congress ?
- Describe the efforts that the congress & muslim league tool to negi=otiate an alliance ?
- Describe the cultural processes through which nationalism captured people's imagination?
The following points may help you:
1.. Gandhi changed the course of national struggle with his means of popular protests and agitation
2. Khilafat Movement for example was seen as an opportunity by Gandhi to unite Hindus and Muslims and launch a mass movement that is non cooperation.
3. Non cooperation movement was practiced with full enthusiasm and zeal initially in the Urban cities and towns by people who looked up to Gandhi and his methods of agitation. Since Gandhi infused new energy in the nationalist struggle , converting it into a mass movement, people found new ways of venting their voice and dissent.
b. Boycott of schools and colleges
c. The council elections were boycotted.
d. Foreign goods were burnt, liquor shops were picketed
e. People discarded foreign cloth and encouraged the use of khadi
4. Gradually, movement spread to other parts of the country- In Awadh, amongst the pasantry, amongst the planataition workers.
5. The movement at the countryside was against the talukdars who demanded for high rents and other cesses from peasants
6. House of talukdars were attacked, bazaars were looted, grain hoards were taken away
7.. Tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh rebelled against the forest laws that had prevented their entry in the forests.
8. However, with Chauri Chaura incident where the angry mob had burnt he police station killing 22 policemen. Gandhi soon realized that the movement has taken a violent turn and to prevent the outbreak of further violence he decided to call off the non cooperation movement.
Non cooperation movement saw active participation of different groups with different aspirations:
a. There was active participation by middle class, teachers, students , lawyers who were engaged in surrender of titles, Boycott of schools and colleges , in boycotting council elections. Foreign goods were also burnt, liquor shops were picketed.
b. The peasants took part in the movement against oppressive landlords and high taxes taken by the colonial government.The movement at the countryside was against the talukdars who demanded for high rents and other cesses from peasants. Peasants demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and they boycotted the oppressive landlords.
c. Plantation workers took part in the agitation hoping they would get the right to move freely in and outside the plantations and get land in their own villages.
d. The tribals in Andhra Pradesh joined the movement against oppressive British policies that restricted their mobility and entry in the forests affected by the colonial policies as they could not enter the reserved forests, they could not collect fuel wood from forests, were not allowed to graze cattle. They demanded their traditional rights over forests.
Due to paucity of time, it's not possible to answer these many questions all at once. Please ask the rest of the questions in a different thread.
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