Madhura Sarkar answered this
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Reeya answered this
Transitive verbshave bothactiveandpassiveforms:
activepassiveThe hunter killed the lion.The lion was killed by the hunter.Someone has cleaned the windowsThe windows have been cleanedThe passive forms are made up of the verbbewith apast participle:
bepast participleEnglishisspokenall over the worldThe windowshave beencleanedLunchwas beingservedThe workwill befinishedsoonTheymight have beeninvitedto the partyWe sometimes use the verbgetto form the passive:
Be careful with the glass. It mightgetbroken.Petergothurt in a crash.
If we want to show the person or thing doing the action we useby:
She was attackedbya dangerous dog.The money was stolenbyher husband.
We can use theindirect objectas the subject of a passive verb:
activepassiveI gave him a book for his birthdayHe was given a book for his birthday.Someone sent her a cheque for a thousand eurosShe was sent a cheque for a thousand euros.We can usephrasal verbsin the passive:
activepassiveTheycalled offthe meeting.The meetingwas called off.His grandmotherlooked afterhim.Hewas looked afterby his grandmother.Theywill sendhimawayto school.Hewill be sent awayto school.Some verbs veryfrequently used in the passiveare followed by theto-infinitive:
be supposed tobe expected tobe asked tobe scheduled tobe allowed tobe told toJohnhas been asked tomake a speech at the meeting.Youare supposed towear a uniform.
The meetingis scheduled tostart at seven.
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Reeya answered this
Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by theverb.
These examples show that thesubjectisdoingthe verb's action.
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in theactive voice.
Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with adirect object) so that the subject is no longeractive, but is, instead, beingacted uponby the verb - orpassive.
Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or ispassive), such sentences are said to be in thepassive voice.
NOTE:Colorful parrots live in the rainforestscannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot
2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with theprepositionby
3. Add a form of theauxiliary verbbeto the main verb and change the main verb's form
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normaldoer-action-receiver of actiondirection, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in active voice flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in passive voice.
It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.
To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
1. Move the passive sentence's subject into the active sentence's direct object slot
2. Remove the auxiliary verbbefrom the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
3. Place the passive sentence's object of the prepositionbyinto the subject slot.
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when
- the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence
Examples
- the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action
Examples
- the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.
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