can u plz provide short notes on the 4th & 5th states of matter i.e. plasma and bose-einstein condensate..

Plasma is regarded as fourth state of matter and has properties different from that of solids, liquids or gases. This state of matter consists of super-energetic and super-excited particles, which are in the form of ionised gases. In simple terms, the plasma state is created when the constituent particles of a gas are ionised. The plasma state thus consists of positively charged ions and electrons. For example, neon sign bulbs and fluorescent tubes. Inside a neon sign bulb there is neon gas and inside a fluorescent tube there is helium gas or some other gas. The gas gets ionised, that is, gets charged when electrical energy flows through it. This charging up creates a plasma glowing inside the tube or bulb.

Bose-Einstein Condensate is also known as the fifth state of matter. Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose is credited for its discovery with significant contribution from Albert Einstein as well. The particles of this state are called bosons. These bosons are subatomic particles with integral spins i.e., 0, 1, 2 and so on. It is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density to very low temperatures. Because of this super low temperature, the bosons come very close to each other.