describe any four traditional methods of rain water harvesting adopted different parts of india
- In hilly and mountain regions people built diversion channels like the 'guls' or 'kuls' of the western Himalayas for agriculture .
- Rooftop rain water harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water , particularly in Rajasthan .
- In the flood plain regions of Bengal people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields .
- In arid and semi arid regions agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed water to stand and moisten the soil like the 'khadins' in Jaisalmer and 'Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan .
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(b) Roof-top rain water harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water particularly in Rajasthan.
(c) In West Bengal, people develop inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
(d) In semi-arid regions agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures called Khadins and Johads that allowed the water to stand and moist the soil.
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(a) Guls and Kuls : People built guls and kuls in hilly and mountainous regions to divert water. These are simple channels. They are mainly used in Western Himalayas.
(b) Roof top rain water harvesting : Commonly practised to store drinking water in Rajasthan.
(c) Inundation Channels : These channels developed in the flood plains of Bengal to irrigate fields.
(d) Khadins and Johads : In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures. These structures are found in Rajasthan.
(e) Tanks : In Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all houses have tanks for storing drinking water. Tanks are part of the well-developed roof top rain water harvesting system.
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Jhalaras are typically rectangular-shaped stepwells that have tiered steps on three or four sides. These stepwells collect the subterranean seepage of an upstream reservoir or a lake. Jhalaras were built to ensure easy and regular supply of water for religious rites, royal ceremonies and community use. The city of Jodhpur has eight jhalaras, the oldest being the Mahamandir Jhalara that dates back to 1660
Talabs are reservoirs that store water for household consumption and drinking purposes. They may be natural, such as the pokhariyan ponds at Tikamgarh in the Bundelkhand region or man made, such as the lakes of Udaipur. A reservoir with an area less than five bighas is called a talai, a medium sized lake is called a bandhi and bigger lakes are called sagar or samand.
Bawaris are unique stepwells that were once a part of the ancient networks of water storage in the cities of Rajasthan. The little rain that the region received would be diverted to man-made tanks through canals built on the hilly outskirts of cities. The water would then percolate into the ground, raising the water table and recharging a deep and intricate network of aquifers. To minimise water loss through evaporation, a series of layered steps were built around the reservoirs to narrow and deepen the wells.
Taanka is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique indigenous to the Thar desert region of Rajasthan. A Taanka is a cylindrical paved underground pit into which rainwater from rooftops, courtyards or artificially prepared catchments flows. Once completely filled, the water stored in a taanka can last throughout the dry season and is sufficient for a family of 5-6 members. An important element of water security in these arid regions, taankas can save families from the everyday drudgery of fetching water from distant sources.
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KULS & GULS - In hilly and mountainous regions people built diversion channels in western himalayas for agriculture.
JOHADS & KHADINS - In arid and semi arid regions agriculture field were converted into khadins and johads popularly known as khadins in jaisalmer and johads in rajasthan.
INUNDATION CHANNELS-These chanels were built in west bengal to irrigate the fields.
ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING-Commonly used in rajasthan for drinking.
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(a) Guls and Kuls : People built guls and kuls in hilly and mountainous regions to divert water. These are simple channels. They are mainly used in Western Himalayas.
(b) Roof top rain water harvesting : Commonly practised to store drinking water in Rajasthan.
(c) Inundation Channels : These channels developed in the flood plains of Bengal to irrigate fields.
(d) Khadins and Johads : In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures. These structures are found in Rajasthan.
(e) Tanks : In Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all houses have tanks for storing drinking water. Tanks are part of the well-developed roof top rain water harvesting system.
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(a) Guls and Kuls : People built guls and kuls in hilly and mountainous regions to divert water. These are simple channels. They are mainly used in Western Himalayas.
(b) Roof top rain water harvesting : Commonly practised to store drinking water in Rajasthan.
(c) Inundation Channels : These channels developed in the flood plains of Bengal to irrigate fields.
(d) Khadins and Johads : In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures. These structures are found in Rajasthan.
(e) Tanks : In Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all houses have tanks for storing drinking water. Tanks are part of the well-developed roof top rain water harvesting system.
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