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how does abill become alaw??

A bill represents an introduction of a new legislation or changes in the existing one. The following are the stages through which a Bill becomes a Law.

a. Introduction of the Bill- A bill is introduced by the member of Parliament in the either house of the Parliament and a copy of it is circulated  to all the members of the House.

b. Discussion of the Bill- After the copy is circulated, the bill is discussed and deliberated.

c. Committee stage- At this stage bill is referred to the select committee,  which goes through the bill in detail and prepares a detailed report to be discussed in the house again. Generally, bills which are highly technical in nature or require some expert advise are referred to the committee which prepares a report. The committee comprises of the members of the House.

d. Discussion Stage- At this stage committee report is discussed in the house which may or may not be accepted by the house. There is a clause by clause discussion of the Bill, at this stage amendments or changes to the bill are also moved.

e. Voting Stage- At this stage bill is voted upon and if it gets the required majority it is passed and goes to the next house which follows the same procedure. Ordinary bills require simple majority of both the houses whereas Constitutional amendment bills require 2/3rd majority.

f. Presidential Assent- After the bill is passed by both the houses of the Parliament it goes to the President for his assent. The President may send back the bill for reconsideration to the Parliament but when the second time the bill comes to him he has to sign and thus the Bill becomes a Law.

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How a Bill Becomes a Law

1. A member of Congress introduces a bill.When a senator or representative introduces a bill, it is sent to the clerk of the Senate or House, who gives it a number and title. Next, the bill goes to the appropriate committee.

2. Committees review and vote on the bill.Committees specialize in different areas, such as foreign relations or agriculture, and are made up of small groups of senators or representatives.

The committee may reject the bill and table it, meaning it is never discussed again. Or it may hold hearings to listen to facts and opinions, make changes in the bill and cast votes. If most committee members vote in favor of the bill, it is sent back to the Senate and the House for debate.

3. The Senate and the House debate and vote on the bill.Separately, the Senate and the House debate the bill, offer amendments and cast votes. If the bill is defeated in either the Senate or the House, the bill dies.

Sometimes, the House and the Senate pass the same bill, but with different amendments. In these cases, the bill goes to a conference committee made up of members of Congress. The conference committee works out differences between the two versions of the bill.

Then the bill goes before all of Congress for a vote. If a majority of both the Senate and the House votes for the bill, it goes to the President for approval.

4. The President signs the bill—or not. If the President approves the bill and signs it, the bill becomes a law. However, if the President disapproves, he can veto the bill by refusing to sign it.

Congress can try to overrule a veto. If both the Senate and the House pass the bill by a two-thirds majority, the President's veto is overruled and the bill becomes a law.

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