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how does oil spill affect the sea life ?

Spilled oil harms marine life because its chemical constituents are poisonous. This can affect organisms both from internal exposure to oil through ingestion or inhalation or from external exposure through skin and eye irritation.
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Akanksha
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Oil has constituents which are harmful for marine life
 
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Dear Friend
An oil spill is a serious cause of water pollution. The slick layer of oil on the surface of water body cuts off the oxygen supply to the flora and fauna below. No gaseous exchange takes place and hence the lie in the water body dies and decomposes giving bad odor. Also this oil can get mixed up and get transported to various areas as well as seep into underground water table. This can then enter the food chain and cause damage to plants and animals. 
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OIL PREVENTS ABSORPTION OF OXYGEN INTO WATER
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