How surface features of an area affects the soil formation?

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​Please find below the solution to the asked query     

​Topography may be defined as physical features or surface features of an area including up and down changes present in that particular area. Topographical factors like altitude, slope, shape of the land surface influence the kind of soil formed.
Steepness of a hill or slope of a mountain has effect on soil erosion. At steep slopes soil erosion takes place at a greater rate in comparison to the formation of new soil beneath hence in such areas the soil thus formed is less fertile and thinner than the comparatively flat areas where soil is found to be deeper and  more mature.
Drainage is another topographical factor affecting soil formation. Well drained locations have totally different soil than the water logged areas. In areas having poor drainage the soil become water logged thereby blocking oxygen of the soil which also affect the soil formation process. 
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