How to determine the period and group that an element belongs to, if you have the atomic mass? How to tell if the bond formed between that element and another element X is covalent or electrovalent?

Dear student, we cannot find the period and group of an element until and unless we know the atomic number of an element or it's number of protons. ionic bond also called electrovalent bond is formed is formed between two atoms having a large difference in electronegativities. This bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. Exampl: NaCl, MgCl2 etc. A covalent bond is formed between atoms having a less electronegativity difference such as the bond formed between two non- metals. Example: CH4, CH3OH etc. Thanks and regards