Mr. A is the head of purchase as well as production department. He has four subordinates. Mr. B (Purchase Manager), Mr. C (Purchase Officer), Mr. D (Production Manager) and Mr. E (Production Officer), who are working under him. (A has two line of authority. One line consists of B-C and another line of authority under A is D-E). During the course of production, Mr. E gets a crucial information about the likely increase in price of raw material. He passes this urgent information to Mr. C so that Mr. C can purchase raw material accordingly. Instead of following the long route of scalar chain, Mr. E directly passes this information to Mr. C by constructing a ‘gang plank’. (i) Has Mr. E took a right decision? (ii) State the meaning of scalar chain and gang plank with diagram.