Please explain 11th point using an example
Also is issue of shares for purchase of Machinery included in the National Income?????

11. 
Items not included in national income Reason
Inter-firm payments like payment of interest or dividend from one firm to another It has already been included in the profit of the firm which makes the payment of interest/dividend to the other firm.


Dear student,

Payment of interest and dividend from one firm to another is not part of national income as when one firm makes interest or dividend payment they consider the same in their income/ profit therefore the firm (which is getting/ receiving interest/ dividend ) is not liable to take the same in their profit.

Issue of share from machinery purchase is not included in national income.

Regards

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it means that ​productivity is usually measured in terms of output per man-hour to facilitates inter firm, inter industry, & inter country comparisons.
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