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Sewage contains various contaminants that include disease-causing bacteria and other microbes. If a large volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river , then the water in the rivers would also get contaminated. If this contaminated water is used for drinking, then it can cause diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, etc. which may lead to death. That is why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
Moreover, Domestic sewage is the waste originating from the kitchen, toilet, laundry, and other sources. It contains impurities such as suspended solids (sand, silt, clay), colloidal material (fecal matter, bacteria, plastic and cloth fiber), dissolved materials (nitrate, phosphate, calcium, sodium, ammonia), and disease-causing microbes. When organic wastes from the sewage enter the water bodies, it serves as a food source for micro-organisms such as algae and bacteria. As a result, the population of these micro-organisms in the water body increases. Here, they utilize most of the dissolved oxygen for their metabolism. This results in an increase in the levels of Biological oxygen demand (BOD) in river water and results in the death of aquatic organisms. Also, the nutrients in the water lead to the growth of planktonic algae, causing algal bloom. This causes deterioration of water quality and fish mortality.
Sludge obtained through a wastewater treatment plant is anaerobically digested to produce biogas. Anaerobic digestion (actually fermentation) of sludge is required in order to produce gases like methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide forming biogas. For doing this, sludge containing organic matter and microbes are degraded by another kind of bacteria, which grow anaerobically, digest the organic matter, bacteria and the fungi in the sludge. This results in the production of biogas which can be used as a source of fuel.
Please find below the solution to the asked query
Sewage contains various contaminants that include disease-causing bacteria and other microbes. If a large volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river , then the water in the rivers would also get contaminated. If this contaminated water is used for drinking, then it can cause diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, etc. which may lead to death. That is why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
Moreover, Domestic sewage is the waste originating from the kitchen, toilet, laundry, and other sources. It contains impurities such as suspended solids (sand, silt, clay), colloidal material (fecal matter, bacteria, plastic and cloth fiber), dissolved materials (nitrate, phosphate, calcium, sodium, ammonia), and disease-causing microbes. When organic wastes from the sewage enter the water bodies, it serves as a food source for micro-organisms such as algae and bacteria. As a result, the population of these micro-organisms in the water body increases. Here, they utilize most of the dissolved oxygen for their metabolism. This results in an increase in the levels of Biological oxygen demand (BOD) in river water and results in the death of aquatic organisms. Also, the nutrients in the water lead to the growth of planktonic algae, causing algal bloom. This causes deterioration of water quality and fish mortality.
Sludge obtained through a wastewater treatment plant is anaerobically digested to produce biogas. Anaerobic digestion (actually fermentation) of sludge is required in order to produce gases like methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide forming biogas. For doing this, sludge containing organic matter and microbes are degraded by another kind of bacteria, which grow anaerobically, digest the organic matter, bacteria and the fungi in the sludge. This results in the production of biogas which can be used as a source of fuel.
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