Principle of haemodialysis in condition of kidney failure

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Please refer the solution below for the said query

Healthy kidneys remove excess of fluid, wastes, and minerals from the body. If the kidneys fail to function, wastes may accumulate in the body, the body may retain excess fluid, and blood pressure may rise. This can even lead to death. In such a case, an artificial kidney or hemodialysis is useful. In hemodialysis, only a few drops of blood are allowed to flow, through a special filter that removes wastes and extra fluid. The detoxified blood is then returned to the body. The special filter used in dialysis consists of a number of tubes with semi-permeable lining, suspended in a tank filled with the dialysis fluid.

Its principle is based on the counter current mechanism where the blood flow is opposite to the flow of dialysate. This  increases the efficiency of dialysis by maintaining concenteration gradient across the membrane. The fluid is removed by the changing hydrostatic pressure of the dialysate compartment.

Hope this information clears your doubt about the topic.

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