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 PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTATION

1. 1. PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTATION Presented by : Manpreet Kaur Behl MDS student
2. 2. CONTENTS  INTRODUCTION  PARTS OF A PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENT  CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS  GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTATION  PRINCIPLES OF SCALING AND ROOT PLANING  INSTRUMENT SHARPENING
3. 3. INTRODUCTION PERIODONTAL THERAPY NON SURGICAL SURGICAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC C MECHANICAL
4. 4. DEFINITION AND RATIONALE SCALING - It is the process by which plaque and calculus are removed from both supragingival and subgingival tooth surfaces. ROOT PLANING – The process by which residual embedded calculus and portion of cementum are removed from the roots to produce a smooth, hard, clean surface. CURETTAGE –The scraping of the gingival wall of a periodontal pocket to separate diseased soft tissue.
5. 5. PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS Designed for various purposes:  Removing calculus  Planing root surfaces  Curetting the gingiva  Removing diseased tissue.
6. 6. PARTS OF AN INSTRUMENT
7. 7. PARTS OF AN INSTRUMENT HANDLE SHANK  It is that part of instrument that is held during activation of working end.  TYPES : 1.Cone socket handles ( which are separable from shank and working end. They permit instrument change and replace ) 2.Fixed  It increases the length of instrument so that working end can be positioned on tooth root.  TYPES : 1.Rigid (for heavy calculus deposits) 2.Moderately rigid (for fine calculus deposits and root debridement. 3.flexible (for subgingival calculus)
8. 8. TYPES OF SHANKS
9. 9. WORKING END AND ITS PARTS ( The part that does the work. It may have sharp or rounded surface. There can be 1 or 2 working ends. )
10. 10. Curettes
11. 11. CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS These are classified according to the purpose they serve, as follows: 1. Periodontal probes: locate, measure and mark pockets. 2. Explorers: locate calculus deposits and caries. 3. Scaling, root planing and curettage instruments:  Remove plaque and calcified deposits from the crown and root.  Removal of altered cementum from subgingival root surface.
12. 12. 4. Periodontal Endoscopes: visualize deeply into subgingival pockets and furcations, allowing the detection of deposits. 5. Cleansing and polishing instruments: such as rubber cup, brushes and dental tape, used to clean and polish tooth surfaces. Stainless steel is most often used in instrument manufacture. High carbon content steel instruments are also considered to be superior.
13. 13. PERIODONTAL PROBES  Used to measure the depth of pockets and to determine their configuration.  Tapered, rod-like calibrated in millimeters, with a blunt rounded tip.  Ideally, these are thin and shank is angled to allow easy insertion into pocket.  Furcation areas are evaluated by curved Naber’s probe.
14. 14. A, Biologic or histologic pocket depth is the actual distance between the gingival margin and the attached tissues (bottom of pocket). B, Probing or clinical pocket depth is the depth of penetration of the probe. PROBING TECHNIQUE SCIENTIFIC SCALE
15. 15. First Generation Probes  Do not control for probing pressure and are not suited for automatic data collection.  These probes most commonly are used by general dental practitioners as well as periodontists.