State the relation between crossing over and the establishment of parental characters in progeny.

Crossing over is the process of exchanging genes between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. It occurs during the pachytene stage of meiosis I.
Crossing over is a source of genetic variability among sexually reproducing organisms. As it results in the formation of new genetic combinations in the gametes, it results in establishes a link between between parental characters and the progeny.