The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is 30 degrees , but north-south extent is bigger than east-west extent.Explain

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North - South extent means the latitudinal extent. The latitudes are drawn at an interval of 1° which shows a distance of 111km approximately. 111 km distance between the latitudes are maintained throughout the globe as the latitudes run parralel to each other and are full circles.

The East - West extent means the longitudinal extent. The longitudes are drawn at an interval of 1° which shows a distance of 110 km approximately. This distance is maintained near the equator but it becomes smaller as we move near to the poles as the longitudes are semi circles and never run parrallely throughout the globe.

So the latitudinal extent which represents North - South distance, 3214 km is longer than the East - West extent i.e. the longitudinal extent, 2933 km.

there are two reasons by which u can say that north south extent is greater than east west extent

METHOD 1: as latitudes are parallel so they are at equi distance and longitdes are non parallel so they are not. thats why the latitudes i.e. north south extent is greater than longitudes i.e. east west extent.

METHOD 2: (mathematically)

latitudinal extent=29 degrees

longitudinal extent=29 degrees

distance between each latitude=111km

distance between each longitude=100km

therefore, latitudinal extent in kms=111 X 29 = 3219 km

longitudinal extent in kms=100 X 29 = 2900 km

as 32192900 i.e. latitudinal extent longitudinal extent

therefore, the north south extent is greater than east west extent

explain any three ideas put forward by karl marx and friedrich 

The east west extent appears smaller than north south extent due to the fact that latitudes are equidistant from each other but distance between longitudes decreases as one moves from equator to poles therefore, the east west extent that longitudinal appears to be smaller than the north south or latitudinal extent despite both covering a distance of 30 degrees

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