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what are acid and base ? write 5 example

Acids are compounds which lose proton or accepts a pair of electron. in solution. 

Examples: 

1. HF

2. H2SO4 

3. HCN

4. CH3COOH

5. NaH 

Bases are compounds which gain proton or lose a pair of electron. 

1. NH3

2. N2H4

3. NH2OH

4. RNH2

5. R2NH

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lemon - citric acid
 

 

Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals, change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases.

Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids

 

Examples of Common Acids
 

  • citric acid (from certain fruits and veggies, notably citrus fruits)
  • ascorbic acid (vitamin C, as from certain fruits)
  • vinegar (5% acetic acid)
  • carbonic acid (for carbonation of soft drinks)
  • lactic acid (in buttermilk)

Examples of Common Bases
 

  • detergents
  • soap
  • lye (NaOH)
  • household ammonia (aqueous)


 

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 Acid

  • taste sour (don't taste them!)... the word 'acid' comes from the Latin acere, which means 'sour'
  • acids change litmus (a blue vegetable dye) from blue to red
  • their aqueous (water) solutions conduct electric current (are electrolytes)
  • react with bases to form salts and water
  • evolve hydrogen gas (H2) upon reaction with an active metal (such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum)
    • Bases
    • taste bitter (don't taste them!)
    • feel slippery or soapy (don't arbitrarily touch them!)
    • bases don't change the color of litmus; they can turn red (acidified) litmus back to blue
    • their aqueous (water) solutions conduct and electric current (are electrolytes)
    • react with acids to form salts and water

    Examples-

    Some acids are:

    -Milk (slightly acidic)
    -Lemon juice, orange juice (citric acid)
    -Soda
    -Vinegar
    -Distilled water
    -Stomach acid
    -Acid rain
    -Carbon dioxide

    Some bases:

    -Blood
    -Antacid
    -Baking soda
    -Ammonia
    -Drano
    -Egg whites

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