What are protoplasm, vacuole and plastids? Please explain in detail.

Dear student,
Protoplasm-
1)The living, semifluid colloidal content of the cell which is covered or surrounded by the cell membrane of the cell is known as protoplasm.
2)It constitute the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell.
3)It is made up of a mixture of large number of different types of molecules like sugars, amino acids, ions, water.
4)In a eukaryotic cell, the protoplasm includes the cytoplasm of the cell and the nucleoplasm of the cell present inside the nucleus.
5)It is generally found in two forms:
a)sol state which is liquid like in nature.
b)gel state which is jelly like in nature.
6)The protoplasm is the living component which plays an vital role in controlling all the metabolic reactions of the cell and provide the site for the cell organelle to perform their specific functions.
Vacuole-
1)Vacuole is the cell organelle present in all plant , and fungal cells and in some animal and bacterial cells.
2)They are covered by the membrane called as the tonoplast.
3)They contain water, various organic and inorganic substances and enzymes to perform important functions of cell.
4)The structure of the Vacuole changes or according to the requirements of the cell.
5)The functions of the vacuoles are as follows:
a)It stores the waste product of the cell.
b)It stores the water in plant cell.
c)It helps in maintaining the turgor pressure of the cell.
d)It helps removing the waste material from the cell by exporting it out of the cell.
6)The vacuole is large in size and single in number in plant cells whereas it is small in size and more in number in animal cells.
Plastids-
1)Plastids are the double membrane bound cell organelle which is found in plant cells, algae.
2)They help in manufacturing of food and also storage of food required by the cell.
3)They also contain various pigments required by the cell to perform photosynthesis.
4)The Plastids have been derived from proplastids.These are present in the meristematic region of the plant.
5)The different types of Plastids are:
a)Chloroplasts which are the green coloured Plastids which help in performing photosynthesis in plants.
b)Chromoplasts are the different types of the coloured Plastids which help in forming the different types of pigments.
c)Leucoplasts are the colourless Plastids which can store starch (Amyloplasts),can store fat (Elaioplasts), for storing protein molecules (Proteinoplasts)
Regards

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