what are the applications of total internal reflection

Total Internal Reflection can be used as a way to make diamonds sparkle and information travel rapidly on light waves through a fiber optic.

diamond animation (3k) The cut of the diamond favors total internal reflection.  Most rays entering the top of the diamond will internally reflect until they reach the top face of the diamond where they exit.  This gives diamonds their bright sparkle.   Notice in this animation that a ray entering the top doesn't exit the diamond until it reaches the top surface.
Fiber Optic Animation(3k) A fiber optic is a glass "hair" which is so thin that once light enters one end, it can never strike the inside walls at less than the critical angle.   The light undergoes total internal reflection each time it strikes the wall.   Only when it reaches the other end is it allowed to exit the fiber.

Fiber optic cables are used to carry telephone and computer communications.  Advantages over electrical wired include:

  1. Fiber optics can carry much more information in a much smaller cable.
  2. No interference from electromagnet fields result in "clearer" connections.
  3. No electrical resistance.
  4. No hazard of electrocution if cable breaks.
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Total internal reflection are used in:-

  • Optical fibers, which are used in endoscopes and telec ommunications.
  • Rain sensors to control automatic windscreen/ windshield wipers.
  • Another interesting application of total internal reflection is the spatial filtering of light.
  • Prismatic binoculars use the principle of total internal reflections to get a very clear image
  • Some multi-touch screens use frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a camera and appropriate software to pick up multiple targets.
  • Gonioscopy to view the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
  • Gait analysis instrument, CatWalk, uses frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a high speed camera to capture and analyze footprints of laboratory rodents.
  • Fingerprinting devices, which use frustrated total internal reflection in order to record an image of a person's fingerprint without the use of ink.
  • Flashlights lenses.
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