What are the basic features of bureaucracy?

The basic features of bureaucracy are:

(i) Functioning of Officials - It means that the officials have fixed areas of jurisdiction and are governed by rules and laws. The responsibilities of the officials are defined by the authority available to them and they have to function under the command of higher authorities. The officials are appointed on the basis of their qualifications.

(ii) Hierarchical Ordering of Positions - The authority of the officers is placed in a top down hierarchy.

(iii) Reliance on Written Document - The management of the organisation is carried out on the basis of written documents. Records are preserved for reference and decision making is cumulative.

(iv) Office Management - Office management is a specialised activity which requires trained and skilled officers.

(v) Conduct in Office - The conduct of the officers is maintained by strict rules and regulations. The public behaviour is separated from behaviour in private domain. Officials are also held accountable for their conduct.