what is dipole?
Hi,
The separation or alignment of opposite charges result in what we call as dipole moment. It results in net movement of molecule in a specified direction. Itis the measure polarity of a polar covalent bond.
In a covalent bond present between two different atoms(hetero atomic molecule) the bond pair of electrons are attracted towards atom with higher electro negativity .Hence it acquires partial negative charge and the other atom acquires partial positive charge. Such a molecule with two different poles (one with partial positive charge and the other with partial negative charge) is called polar molecule. Such bonds are called polar bonds and behave as a dipole with positive and negative charges.
In a covalent bond present between two different atoms(hetero atomic molecule) the bond pair of electrons are attracted towards atom with higher electro negativity .Hence it acquires partial negative charge and the other atom acquires partial positive charge. Such a molecule with two different poles (one with partial positive charge and the other with partial negative charge) is called polar molecule. Such bonds are called polar bonds and behave as a dipole with positive and negative charges.
It is denoted by symbol μ.
Mathematically it is given by the relation:
μ=e×d
Where e is the magnitude of charge involved and d is the distance between the involved charges.
Hope it helps,
Good Luck!