what is the scheme given by embden,meyerhof parnas ?

The Scheme of Glycolysis was given by Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.
Glycolysis ( Glycos  − Sugar, Lysis  − Splitting) Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid by partial oxidation.  Common pathway for aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. Occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Present in all living organisms. In plants , sucrose is converted into glucose. H exokinase: Enzyme that phosphorylates glucose to produce glucose − 6 − phosphate. 2 ATPs are utilised in two steps:

• • Glucose →  Glucose − 6 − phosphate (1 ATP)

  • Fructose − 6 − phosphate →  fructose 1, 6 − bisphosphate (1 ATP)

• Fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate splits into glyceraldehyde − 3 − phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate.

• Glyceraldehyde − 3 − phosphate converts into two molecules of 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate (BPGA), with subsequent conversion of NAD ⁺  to NADH + H ⁺ .

• 4 ATPs are yielded in two steps:

  • BPGA →  PGA (1 ×  2 = 2 ATPs)

  • Phosphoenol pyruvate →  Pyruvic acid (1 ×  2 =2 ATPs)

• Net ATPs produced = 4 (produced) − 2 (consumed) = 2 ATPs