write the process of urine formaton in human.

Urine process in human occurs by process of filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion. In filtration, glomeruli act as filters, passes water, glucose, salt and waste materials to Bowman’s capsule but prevent RBC to pass. Reabsorption occurs in proximal tubule of nephron. Water, glucose, amino acids, sodium and other nutrients are reabsorbed into bloodstream. Water moves from high concentration to low concentration, process is osmosis. Secretion is final step in which substances move directly from blood in distal and collecting tubules. Maintain pH, acid-base balance by secreting hydrogen ions. When blood is acidic more ions are secreted and less when alkaline. Urine formed by these processes passes to central part of kidney called pelvis, then flows to ureter and bladder.

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1st step of urine formation is the filtration of blood, carried out by glomerulus ; glomerular filtration. glomerular capillary bloodpressure causes fitration of blood through 3 layers; endothelium of glomerular blood vessels,epithelium of bowmans capsule,a basement membrane between the two. blood is fitered so finely through these membranes ie; ultra filtration. glomerular filtrate may contain useful substances like glucose,aminoacids etc. so they are reabsorbed by the renal tubules. During urine formation the tubular cells secrete substances like H+, k+ and ammonia. they helps in maintanence of ionic and acid base balance of body fluids

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