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Board Paper of Class 12-Humanities 2012 Economics (SET 1) - Solutions

General Instructions:
(i) All questions in both the sections are compulsory.
(ii) Marks for questions are indicated against each.
(iii) Questions Nos. 1-5 and 17-21 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. They are required to be answered in one sentence each
(iv) Questions Nos. 6-10 and 22-26 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 60 words each.
(v) Questions Nos. 11-13 and 27-29 are also short-answer questions carrying 4 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 70 words each.
(vi) Questions Nos. 14-16 and 30-32 are long-answer questions carrying 6 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 100 words each.
(vii) Answers should be brief and to the point and the above word limits should be adhered to as far as possible.




  • Question 2

    Give one reason for shift in demand curve.

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  • Question 3

    What is the behaviour of Total Variable Cost, as output increases?

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  • Question 4

    What is the behaviour of Marginal Revenue in a market in which a firm can sell any quantity of the output it produces at a given price?

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  • Question 6

    Define Production Possibilities Curve. Explain why it is downward sloping from left to right.

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  • Question 7

    A consumer consumes only two goods X and Y and is in equilibrium. Price of X falls. Explain the reaction of the consumer through the Utility Analysis.

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  • Question 8

    Draw total Variable Cost, Total Cost, and Total Fixed Cost curves in a single diagram.

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  • Question 9

    A producer starts a business by investing his own savings and hiring the labour. Identify implicit and explicit costs from this information. Explain.

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  • Question 10

    Explain the implications of large number of sellers in a perfectly competitive market.

    OR

    Explain why there are only a few firms in an oligopoly market.

     

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  • Question 11

    Define an indifference map. Why does indifference curve to the right show more utility? Explain.

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  • Question 12

    A consumer buys 10 units of a commodity at a price of Rs. 10 per unit. He incurs an expenditure of Rs 200 on buying 20 units. Calculate price elasticity of demand by the percentage method. Comment upon the shape of demand curve based on this information.

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  • Question 13

    What does the Law of Variable Proportions show? State the behaviour of marginal product according to this law.

    OR

    Explain how changes in prices of inputs influence the supply of a product.

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  • Question 14

    Explain the difference between (i) inferior goods and normal goods and (ii) cardinal utility and ordinal utility. Give example in each case.

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  • Question 15

    Explain the distinction between “change in quantity supplied” and “change in supply”. Use diagram.

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  • Question 16

    Market for a good is in equilibrium. There is simultaneous “decrease” both in demand and supply but there is no change in market price. Explain with the help of a schedule how it is possible.

    OR

    Market for a good is in equilibrium. Explain the chain of reactions in the market if the price is (i) higher than equilibrium price and (ii) lower than equilibrium price.

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  • Question 22

    Find Net Value added at Market Price:

    S.No

    Items

    Amount

    (i)

    Depreciation (Rs)

    700

    (ii)

    Output sold (units)

    900

    (iii)

    Price per unit of output (Rs)

    40

    (iv)

    Closing stock (Rs)

    1,000

    (v)

    Opening stocks (Rs)

    800

    (vi)

    Sales tax (Rs)

    3,000

    (vii)

    Intermediate cost (Rs)

    20,000

     

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  • Question 23

    Explain the ‘standard of deferred payment’ function of money.

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  • Question 24

    Outline the steps taken in deriving Consumption Curve from the Saving Curve. Use diagram.

     

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  • Question 25

    Find Consumption Expenditure from the following:

    National Income

    = Rs 5,000

    Autonomous Consumption

    = Rs 1,000

    Marginal propensity to consume

    = 0.80

     

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  • Question 26

    Distinguish between revenue receipts and capital receipts in a government budget. Give example in each case.

    OR

    Explain the role of government budget in bringing economic stability

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  • Question 27

    Should the following be treated as final expenditure or intermediate expenditure? Give reasons for your answer.

    (i) Purchase of furniture by a firm.

    (ii) Expenditure on maintenance by a firm.

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  • Question 28

    Explain the ‘lender of last resort’ function of the central bank.

    OR

    Explain ‘government’s banker’ function of the central bank.

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  • Question 29

    Explain the concept of ‘fiscal deficit’ in a government budget. What does it indicate?

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  • Question 30

    Find out (i) Gross National Product at Market Price and (ii) Net Current Transfers from Abroad:

    S. No.

    Items

    (Rs Crore)

    (i)

    Private final consumption expenditure

    1000

    (ii)

    Depreciation

    100

    (iii)

    Net national disposable income

    1500

    (iv)

    Closing stock

    20

    (v)

    Government final consumption expenditure

    300

    (vi)

    Net Indirect tax

    50

    (vii)

    Opening stock

    20

    (viii)

    Net domestic fixed capital formation

    110

    (ix)

    Net exports

    15

    (x)

    Net factor income to abroad

    (–) 10

     

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  • Question 31

    Explain the concept of ‘inflationary gap’. Also explain the role of ‘legal reserves’ in reducing it.

    OR

    Explain the concept of ‘deflationary gap’. Also explain the role of ‘margin requirements’ in reducing it.

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  • Question 32

    Give the meaning of ‘foreign exchange’ and ‘foreign exchange rate’. Giving reason, explain the relation between foreign exchange rate and demand for foreign exchange.

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